24. Ecosystem Climate Manipulations
Harte, J.; Shaw, R Shifting dominance within a montane
vegetation community: Results of a climate-warming
experiment. Science 267:876-880; 1995.
Harte, J.; Tom, M.S.; Chang, F.R.; Feifarek, B.; Kinzig,
A.P.; Shaw, R; Shen, K. Global warming and soil microclimate: Results from a meadow-warming experiment. Ecol. Applic. 5:132-150; 1995b.
Hartmann, D.L. Modeling climate change. In: MacDonald, GJ.; Sertorio, L., eds. Global Climate and Ecosystem Change. NATO ASI Series B: Physics. Vol.
240, New York: Plenum; 1990.
Harvey, L.D.D.; Schneider, S.H. Transient climate response to external forcing on 100-104 year timescales. 1. Experiments with globally-averaged, coupled, atmosphere, land, and ocean energy balance
models. J. Geophys. Res. 90:2191-2206; 1985.
Hattenschwiler, S.; Komer, C. System-level adjustments
to elevated CO2 in model spruce ecosystems. Global
Change BioI. 2:377-387; 1996.
Henderson-Sellers, A.; McGuffie, K. Land-surface characterization in greenhouse climate simulations. International J. Climatol. 14:1065-1094; 1994.
Hillier, S.H.; Sutton, F.; Grime, J.P. A new technique for
the experimental manipulation of temperature in plant
communities. Funct. Ecol. 8:755-762; 1994.
Hunt, H.W.; Elliott, E.T.; Detling, lK.; Morgan, lA.;
Chen, DX. Responses of a C-3 and a C-4 perennial
grass to elevated CO2 and temperature under different
water regimes. Global Change BioI. 2:35-47; 1996.
[IPCC] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change.
Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Pr.; 1995.
Jensen, D.B. Population Differentiation in Tree-Ring
Growth Responses of White Fir (Abies concolor) to
Climate: 1mplicationsfor Predicting Forest Responses
to Climate Change. Doctoral thesis, University of
California, Berkeley, CA; 1993.
Kattenberg, A.; Maskell, K. Climate models: Projections
of future change. In: Hougton, J.T.; Meira Filho, L.G.;
Callender, B.A.; Harris, N.; Kattenberg, A.; Maskell,
K., eds. Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate
Change. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Pr.; 1995:285357.
Keeling, C.D.; Whorf, T.P. Atmospheric CO2 records
from sites in the SIO air sampling networked. In:
Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change.
Oak Ridge, TN: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis
Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory; 1998.
Kennedy, A.D. Simulated climate change: a field manipulation study of polar microarthropod community response to global warming. Ecography 17:131-140;
1994.
Kennedy, A.D. Temperature effects of passive greenhouse apparatus in high-latitude climate change experiments. Funct. Ecol. 9:340-350; 1995a.
367
Kennedy, A.D. Simulated climate change: Are passive
greenhouses a valid microcosm for testing the biological effects of environmental perturbations? Global
Change BioI. 1:29-42; 1995b.
Klein, l Personal Communication, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 1998.
Komer, C.; Arnone, lA. Responses to elevated carbon
dioxide in artificial tropical ecosystems. Science
257:1672-1675; 1992.
Lashof, D.A. The dynamic greenhouse: Feedback processes that may influence future concentrations of atmospheric trace gases and climatic change. Climat.
Change 14:213-242; 1989.
Lawton, lH. The Ecotron facility at Silwood Park: The
value of big bottle experiments. Ecology 77 :665-669;
1996.
Lawton, J.H.; Naeem, S.; Woodfin, R.M.; Brown, V.K.;
Gange, A.; Godfray, H.J.C.; Heads, P.A.; Lawler, S.;
Magda, D.; Thomas, C.D.; Thompson, LJ.; Young, S.
The Ecotron: A controlled environmental facility for
the investigation of population and ecosystem processes. Philos. Trans. R Soc. Lond. [BioI.] 341:181194; 1993.
Loik, M.E.; Harte, J. High-temperature tolerance of Artemisia tridentata and Potentilla gracilis under a climate change manipulation. Oecologia 108:224-231;
1996.
Lubchenco, J. The sustainable biosphere initiative: An
ecological research agenda. A report from the Ecological Society Of America. Ecology 72:371-412; 1991.
Mackerness, S.A.H.; Butt, PJ.; Jordan, B.R.; Thomas, B.
Amelioration of Ultraviolet-B-induced downregulation of MRNA levels for chloroplast proteins,
by high irradiance, is mediated by photosynthesis. J.
Plant Physiol. 148:100-106; 1996.
MacPherson, G. Personal communication, University of
Arizona, Tucson,~, 1995.
Manabe, S.; Weatherald, RT. Large-scale changes of soil
wetness induced by an increase in atmospheric carbon
dioxide. J. Atmos. Sci. 44:1211-1235; 1987.
Marion, G.M.; Henry, G.H.R.; Freckman, D.W.; Johnstone, l; Jones, G.; Jones, M.H.; L vesque, E.; Molau,
U.; Molgaard, P.; Parsons, A.N.; Svoboda, J.; Virginia,
RA. Open-top designs for manipulating field temperature in high-latitude ecosystems. Global Change
BioI. 3(Supl. 1):20-32; 1997.
Mark, U.; Sailemark, M.; Tevini, M. Effects of solar
UVB radiation on growth, flowering and yield of central and southern european maize cultivars (Zea mays
I). Photochem. Photobiol. 64:457-463; 1996.
Naeem, S.; Thompson, LJ.; Lawler, S.P.; Lawton, J.H.;
Woodfin, RM. Declining biodiversity can alter the
performance of ecosystems. Nature 368:734-737;
1994.
Harte, J.; Shaw, R Shifting dominance within a montane
vegetation community: Results of a climate-warming
experiment. Science 267:876-880; 1995.
Harte, J.; Tom, M.S.; Chang, F.R.; Feifarek, B.; Kinzig,
A.P.; Shaw, R; Shen, K. Global warming and soil microclimate: Results from a meadow-warming experiment. Ecol. Applic. 5:132-150; 1995b.
Hartmann, D.L. Modeling climate change. In: MacDonald, GJ.; Sertorio, L., eds. Global Climate and Ecosystem Change. NATO ASI Series B: Physics. Vol.
240, New York: Plenum; 1990.
Harvey, L.D.D.; Schneider, S.H. Transient climate response to external forcing on 100-104 year timescales. 1. Experiments with globally-averaged, coupled, atmosphere, land, and ocean energy balance
models. J. Geophys. Res. 90:2191-2206; 1985.
Hattenschwiler, S.; Komer, C. System-level adjustments
to elevated CO2 in model spruce ecosystems. Global
Change BioI. 2:377-387; 1996.
Henderson-Sellers, A.; McGuffie, K. Land-surface characterization in greenhouse climate simulations. International J. Climatol. 14:1065-1094; 1994.
Hillier, S.H.; Sutton, F.; Grime, J.P. A new technique for
the experimental manipulation of temperature in plant
communities. Funct. Ecol. 8:755-762; 1994.
Hunt, H.W.; Elliott, E.T.; Detling, lK.; Morgan, lA.;
Chen, DX. Responses of a C-3 and a C-4 perennial
grass to elevated CO2 and temperature under different
water regimes. Global Change BioI. 2:35-47; 1996.
[IPCC] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change.
Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Pr.; 1995.
Jensen, D.B. Population Differentiation in Tree-Ring
Growth Responses of White Fir (Abies concolor) to
Climate: 1mplicationsfor Predicting Forest Responses
to Climate Change. Doctoral thesis, University of
California, Berkeley, CA; 1993.
Kattenberg, A.; Maskell, K. Climate models: Projections
of future change. In: Hougton, J.T.; Meira Filho, L.G.;
Callender, B.A.; Harris, N.; Kattenberg, A.; Maskell,
K., eds. Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate
Change. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Pr.; 1995:285357.
Keeling, C.D.; Whorf, T.P. Atmospheric CO2 records
from sites in the SIO air sampling networked. In:
Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change.
Oak Ridge, TN: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis
Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory; 1998.
Kennedy, A.D. Simulated climate change: a field manipulation study of polar microarthropod community response to global warming. Ecography 17:131-140;
1994.
Kennedy, A.D. Temperature effects of passive greenhouse apparatus in high-latitude climate change experiments. Funct. Ecol. 9:340-350; 1995a.
367
Kennedy, A.D. Simulated climate change: Are passive
greenhouses a valid microcosm for testing the biological effects of environmental perturbations? Global
Change BioI. 1:29-42; 1995b.
Klein, l Personal Communication, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 1998.
Komer, C.; Arnone, lA. Responses to elevated carbon
dioxide in artificial tropical ecosystems. Science
257:1672-1675; 1992.
Lashof, D.A. The dynamic greenhouse: Feedback processes that may influence future concentrations of atmospheric trace gases and climatic change. Climat.
Change 14:213-242; 1989.
Lawton, lH. The Ecotron facility at Silwood Park: The
value of big bottle experiments. Ecology 77 :665-669;
1996.
Lawton, J.H.; Naeem, S.; Woodfin, R.M.; Brown, V.K.;
Gange, A.; Godfray, H.J.C.; Heads, P.A.; Lawler, S.;
Magda, D.; Thomas, C.D.; Thompson, LJ.; Young, S.
The Ecotron: A controlled environmental facility for
the investigation of population and ecosystem processes. Philos. Trans. R Soc. Lond. [BioI.] 341:181194; 1993.
Loik, M.E.; Harte, J. High-temperature tolerance of Artemisia tridentata and Potentilla gracilis under a climate change manipulation. Oecologia 108:224-231;
1996.
Lubchenco, J. The sustainable biosphere initiative: An
ecological research agenda. A report from the Ecological Society Of America. Ecology 72:371-412; 1991.
Mackerness, S.A.H.; Butt, PJ.; Jordan, B.R.; Thomas, B.
Amelioration of Ultraviolet-B-induced downregulation of MRNA levels for chloroplast proteins,
by high irradiance, is mediated by photosynthesis. J.
Plant Physiol. 148:100-106; 1996.
MacPherson, G. Personal communication, University of
Arizona, Tucson,~, 1995.
Manabe, S.; Weatherald, RT. Large-scale changes of soil
wetness induced by an increase in atmospheric carbon
dioxide. J. Atmos. Sci. 44:1211-1235; 1987.
Marion, G.M.; Henry, G.H.R.; Freckman, D.W.; Johnstone, l; Jones, G.; Jones, M.H.; L vesque, E.; Molau,
U.; Molgaard, P.; Parsons, A.N.; Svoboda, J.; Virginia,
RA. Open-top designs for manipulating field temperature in high-latitude ecosystems. Global Change
BioI. 3(Supl. 1):20-32; 1997.
Mark, U.; Sailemark, M.; Tevini, M. Effects of solar
UVB radiation on growth, flowering and yield of central and southern european maize cultivars (Zea mays
I). Photochem. Photobiol. 64:457-463; 1996.
Naeem, S.; Thompson, LJ.; Lawler, S.P.; Lawton, J.H.;
Woodfin, RM. Declining biodiversity can alter the
performance of ecosystems. Nature 368:734-737;
1994.