366
Caldwell, M.M.; Teramura, AH.; Tevini, M. The changing solar ultraviolet climate and the ecological consequences for higher plants. Trends Ecol. Evolut.
4:363-367; 1989.
Carpenter, S.R. Microcosm experiments have limited
relevance for community and ecosystem ecology.
Ecology 77:677-680; 1996.
Chapin, F.S.; Shaver, G.R. Physiological and growth responses of arctic plants to a field experiment simulating climatic change. Ecology 77:822-840; 1996.
Chapin, F.S.; Shaver, G.R.; Giblin, AE.; Nadelhoffer,
K.J.; Laundre, J.A Responses of arctic tundra to experimental and observed changes in climate. Ecology
76:694-711; 1995.
Coulson, S.; Hodkinson, I.D.; Strathdee, A; Bale, J.S.;
Block, w.; Worland, M.R.; Webb, N.R. Simulated climate change: the interaction between vegetation type
and microhabitat temperatures at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard. Polar BioI. 13:67-70; 1993.
Coulson, S.I.; Hodkinson, I.D.; Webb, N.R.; Block, w.;
Bale, J.S.; Strathdee, AT.; Worland, M.R.; Wooley,
c.; Worland, M.R.; Wooley, C. Effects of experimental temperature elevation on high-arctic soil microarthropod populations. Polar BioI. 16:147-153; 1996.
Davis, M.B.; Zabinski, C. Changes in geographical range
resulting from greenhouse warming: Effects on biodiversity in forests. In: Peters, R.L.; Lovejoy, T.E.,
eds. Global Warming and Biological Diversity. New
Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Pr.; 1992:297-308.
Debevec, E.M.; Maclean, S.F. Design of greenhouses for
the manipulation of temperature in tundra plant communities. Arctic Alp. Res. 25:56-62; 1993.
Dickinson, R.E.; Henderson-Sellers, A; Kennedy, P.I.;
Wilson, M.F. Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme
(BATS) for the NCAR Community Climate Model.
Boulder, CO: National Center for Atmospheric Research; 1986.
Dickson, D. Aerosols role simulated in new global warming model. Nature 374:487-487; 1995.
Dohring, T.; Kofferlein, M.; Thiel, S.; Seidlitz, H.K.
Spectral shaping of artificial UV-B irradiation for vegetation stress research. J. Plant Physiol. 148:115-119;
1996.
Dudzik, M.; Harte, J.; Jassby, A; Lapan, E.; Levy, D.;
Rees, J. Some considerations in the design of aquatic
microcosms for plankton studies. Int. J. Environ. Stud.
13:125-130; 1979.
Dunne, J. Personal Communication, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 1996.
Edwards, N.T.; Norby, R.I. Below-ground respiratory responses of sugar maple and red maple saplings to atmospheric CO2 enrichment and elevated air temperature. Plant Soil 206:85-97; 1998.
Ehleringer, J.; Field, C. Scaling Physiological Processes:
Leaf to Globe. San Diego, CA: Academic; 1993.
Karin P. Shen and John Harte
Fiscus, E.L.; Booker, F.L.; Miller, J.E. Response of soybean bulk leaf water relations to ultraviolet-B irradiation. J. Plant Physiol. 148:63-68; 1996.
Flint, S.D.; Caldwell, M.M. Scaling plant ultraviolet
spectral responses from laboratory action spectra to
field spectral weighting factors. J. Plant Physiol.
148:107-114; 1996.
Foley, J.A.; Prentice, I.C.; Ramankutty, N.; Levis, S.;
Pollard, D.; Sitch, S.; Haxeltine, A An integrated biosphere model of land surface processes, terrestrial carbon balance, and vegetation dynamics. Global Biogeochem. Cycl. 10:603-628; 1996.
Galen, C.; Stanton, M.L. Responses of snowbed plant
species to changes in growing-season length. Ecology
76:1546-1557; 1995.
Gates, w.L.; Henderson-Sellers, A.; Boer, G.I.; folland,
C.K.; McAvaney, B.J.; Semazzi, F., Smith, N.,
Weaver, A.I.; Zeng, Q.-c. Climate models: Evaluation. In: Houghton, J.T.; Meira Filho, L.G.; Callander,
B.A; Harris, N.; Kattenberg, A; Maskell, K., eds. Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change.
Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Pr.; 1995: 483-516.
Green, AE.S. The penetration of ultraviolet radiation to
the ground. Physiol. Plant 58:351-359; 1983.
Green, AE.S.; Cross, K.R.; Smith, L.A Improved analytic characterization of ultraviolet skylight. Photochern. Photobiol. 31:59-65; 1980.
Greenberg, B.M.; Wilson, M.I.; Gerhardt, K.E.; Wilson,
K.E. Morphological and physiological responses of
Brassica napus to ultraviolet-B radiation: Photomodification of ribulose-l,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and potential acclimation processes. J.
Plant Physiol. 148:78-85; 1996.
Hanson, P.I.; Edwards, N.T. Personal Communication,
Oak Ridge, TN, 1996.
Hansen, J.; Fung, I.; Lacis, A.; Rind, D.; Lebedeff, S.;
Ruedy, R.; Russell, G. Global climate changes as forecast by the Goddard Institute for Space Studies threedimensional model. J. Geophys. Res. 93:9341-9364;
1988a.
Hansen, J.; Rind, D.; DelGenio, A; Lacis, A; Lebedeff,
S.; Prather, M.; Reudy, R.; Karl, T. Regional greenhouse climate effects. In: Coping with Climate
Change. Proceedings of the Second North American
Conference on Preparing for Climate Change. Washington, DC: Climate Institute; 1988b.
Harte, J.; Jensen, D.; Tom, M.S. The nature and consequences of indirect linkages between climate change
and biological diversity. In: Peters, R.; Lovejoy, T.,
eds. Global Warming and Biological Diversity. New
Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Pr.; 1992.
Harte, J.; Rawa, A; Price, V. Effects of manipulated soil
microclimate on mesofaunal biomass and diversity.
Soil BioI. Biogeochem. 28:313-322; 1995a.
Caldwell, M.M.; Teramura, AH.; Tevini, M. The changing solar ultraviolet climate and the ecological consequences for higher plants. Trends Ecol. Evolut.
4:363-367; 1989.
Carpenter, S.R. Microcosm experiments have limited
relevance for community and ecosystem ecology.
Ecology 77:677-680; 1996.
Chapin, F.S.; Shaver, G.R. Physiological and growth responses of arctic plants to a field experiment simulating climatic change. Ecology 77:822-840; 1996.
Chapin, F.S.; Shaver, G.R.; Giblin, AE.; Nadelhoffer,
K.J.; Laundre, J.A Responses of arctic tundra to experimental and observed changes in climate. Ecology
76:694-711; 1995.
Coulson, S.; Hodkinson, I.D.; Strathdee, A; Bale, J.S.;
Block, w.; Worland, M.R.; Webb, N.R. Simulated climate change: the interaction between vegetation type
and microhabitat temperatures at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard. Polar BioI. 13:67-70; 1993.
Coulson, S.I.; Hodkinson, I.D.; Webb, N.R.; Block, w.;
Bale, J.S.; Strathdee, AT.; Worland, M.R.; Wooley,
c.; Worland, M.R.; Wooley, C. Effects of experimental temperature elevation on high-arctic soil microarthropod populations. Polar BioI. 16:147-153; 1996.
Davis, M.B.; Zabinski, C. Changes in geographical range
resulting from greenhouse warming: Effects on biodiversity in forests. In: Peters, R.L.; Lovejoy, T.E.,
eds. Global Warming and Biological Diversity. New
Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Pr.; 1992:297-308.
Debevec, E.M.; Maclean, S.F. Design of greenhouses for
the manipulation of temperature in tundra plant communities. Arctic Alp. Res. 25:56-62; 1993.
Dickinson, R.E.; Henderson-Sellers, A; Kennedy, P.I.;
Wilson, M.F. Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme
(BATS) for the NCAR Community Climate Model.
Boulder, CO: National Center for Atmospheric Research; 1986.
Dickson, D. Aerosols role simulated in new global warming model. Nature 374:487-487; 1995.
Dohring, T.; Kofferlein, M.; Thiel, S.; Seidlitz, H.K.
Spectral shaping of artificial UV-B irradiation for vegetation stress research. J. Plant Physiol. 148:115-119;
1996.
Dudzik, M.; Harte, J.; Jassby, A; Lapan, E.; Levy, D.;
Rees, J. Some considerations in the design of aquatic
microcosms for plankton studies. Int. J. Environ. Stud.
13:125-130; 1979.
Dunne, J. Personal Communication, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 1996.
Edwards, N.T.; Norby, R.I. Below-ground respiratory responses of sugar maple and red maple saplings to atmospheric CO2 enrichment and elevated air temperature. Plant Soil 206:85-97; 1998.
Ehleringer, J.; Field, C. Scaling Physiological Processes:
Leaf to Globe. San Diego, CA: Academic; 1993.
Karin P. Shen and John Harte
Fiscus, E.L.; Booker, F.L.; Miller, J.E. Response of soybean bulk leaf water relations to ultraviolet-B irradiation. J. Plant Physiol. 148:63-68; 1996.
Flint, S.D.; Caldwell, M.M. Scaling plant ultraviolet
spectral responses from laboratory action spectra to
field spectral weighting factors. J. Plant Physiol.
148:107-114; 1996.
Foley, J.A.; Prentice, I.C.; Ramankutty, N.; Levis, S.;
Pollard, D.; Sitch, S.; Haxeltine, A An integrated biosphere model of land surface processes, terrestrial carbon balance, and vegetation dynamics. Global Biogeochem. Cycl. 10:603-628; 1996.
Galen, C.; Stanton, M.L. Responses of snowbed plant
species to changes in growing-season length. Ecology
76:1546-1557; 1995.
Gates, w.L.; Henderson-Sellers, A.; Boer, G.I.; folland,
C.K.; McAvaney, B.J.; Semazzi, F., Smith, N.,
Weaver, A.I.; Zeng, Q.-c. Climate models: Evaluation. In: Houghton, J.T.; Meira Filho, L.G.; Callander,
B.A; Harris, N.; Kattenberg, A; Maskell, K., eds. Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change.
Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Pr.; 1995: 483-516.
Green, AE.S. The penetration of ultraviolet radiation to
the ground. Physiol. Plant 58:351-359; 1983.
Green, AE.S.; Cross, K.R.; Smith, L.A Improved analytic characterization of ultraviolet skylight. Photochern. Photobiol. 31:59-65; 1980.
Greenberg, B.M.; Wilson, M.I.; Gerhardt, K.E.; Wilson,
K.E. Morphological and physiological responses of
Brassica napus to ultraviolet-B radiation: Photomodification of ribulose-l,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and potential acclimation processes. J.
Plant Physiol. 148:78-85; 1996.
Hanson, P.I.; Edwards, N.T. Personal Communication,
Oak Ridge, TN, 1996.
Hansen, J.; Fung, I.; Lacis, A.; Rind, D.; Lebedeff, S.;
Ruedy, R.; Russell, G. Global climate changes as forecast by the Goddard Institute for Space Studies threedimensional model. J. Geophys. Res. 93:9341-9364;
1988a.
Hansen, J.; Rind, D.; DelGenio, A; Lacis, A; Lebedeff,
S.; Prather, M.; Reudy, R.; Karl, T. Regional greenhouse climate effects. In: Coping with Climate
Change. Proceedings of the Second North American
Conference on Preparing for Climate Change. Washington, DC: Climate Institute; 1988b.
Harte, J.; Jensen, D.; Tom, M.S. The nature and consequences of indirect linkages between climate change
and biological diversity. In: Peters, R.; Lovejoy, T.,
eds. Global Warming and Biological Diversity. New
Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Pr.; 1992.
Harte, J.; Rawa, A; Price, V. Effects of manipulated soil
microclimate on mesofaunal biomass and diversity.
Soil BioI. Biogeochem. 28:313-322; 1995a.