136
terest. In: Fleischer, M., ed. Data of Geochemistry. 6th
Ed. United States Geological Survey (USGS) Professional Paper 440-KK. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1977.
Galloway, IN.; Levy, H.; Kashibhatla, P.S. Year 2020Consequences of population growth and development
on deposition of oxidized nitrogen. Ambio 23: 120123; 1994.
Gile, L.; Grossman, R.B. The Desert Soil Project Monograph. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Soil Conservation Service; 1979.
Goreau, TJ.; Kaplan, w.A.; Wofsy, S.C.; McElroy, M.B.;
Valios, F.w.; Watson, S.w. Production of NOj and
N20 by nitrifying bacteria at reduced concentrations
of oxygen. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 40:526-532;
1980.
Hayes, lM. Fractionation, et al. An introduction to isotopic measurements and terminology. Spectra 8:3-8;
1982.
Heaton, T.H.E. 15N/14N ratios of nitrate and ammonium
in rain at Pretoria, South Africa. Atm. Environ.,
21:843-852; 1987a.
Heaton, T.H.E. The 15N/14N ratios of plants in South Africa and Namibia: Relationship to climate and coastal!
saline environments. Eocologia 74:236-246; 1987b.
Hedges, ll.; Mann, D.e. The lignin geochemistry ofmarine sediments from the southern Washington coast.
Geochim Cosmochim Acta 43:1809-1818; 1979.
Jackson, L.; Strauss, R.; Firestone, M.; Bartolornne, J.
Plant and soil nitrogen dynamics in California annual
grassland. Plant Soil 110:9-17; 1988.
Jenny, H.; Gessel., S.P.; Bingham, F.T. Comparative
study of decomposition rates of organic matter in temperate and tropical regions. Soil Sci 68:419-432;
1949.
Kinzig, A.P.; Socolow, R.H. Human impacts on the nitrogen cycle. Physics Today. November 1994:24-31;
1994.
Kononova, M.M. Soil Organic Matter. 2nd Ed. Oxford:
Pergamon; 1966.
Lauenroth, w.K.; Whitman, w.e. Dynamics of dry matter production in a mixed-grass prairie in western
North Dakota. Oecologia 27:339-351; 1977.
Mariotti, A. Apports de al Geochimie isotopiue a la connaissance du cycle de l'azote. Memoires des Sciences
de la Terre. Universite P. et M. Cure Paris, No. 82-13;
1982.
Mariotti, A. Atmospheric nitrogen is a reliable standard
for natural 15N abundance measurements. Nature
303:685-687; 1983.
Mariotti, A.; Germon, le.; Hubert, P.; Kaiser, P.; Letolle,
R.; Tardieux, A.; Tardieux, P. Experimental determinations of nitrogen kinetic isotope fractionation: Some
principles. Illustration for the denitrification and nitrification processes. Plant Soil 62:413-430; 1981.
Ronald Amundson and W. Troy Baisden
Mariotti, A.; Mariotti, F.; Champigny, M.L.; Amarger,
N.; Moyse, A. Nitrogen isotope fractionation associated with nitrate reductase activity and uptake of
NO; by pearl millet. Plant Physio169:880-884; 1982.
Mariotti, A.; Pierre, D.; Vedy, J.e.; Brukert, S.; Guillemot, l The abundance of natural nitrogen-15 in the
organic matter of soils along an altitudinal gradient.
Catena 7:292-300; 1980.
Mary, B.; Mariotti, A.; Morel, lL. Use of l3C variations
at natural abundance for studying the biodegradation
of root mucilage, roots, and glucose in soil. Soil BioI.
Biochem. 24:1065-1072; 1992.
McKeague, lA.; DeConinck, F.; Franzmeier, D.P. Spodosols. In: Wilding, L.P.; Smeck, N.E.; Hall, G.F., eds.
Pedogenesis and Soil Taxonomy. II. The Soil Orders.
Developments in Soil Science lIB. New York: Elsevier; 1983:217-252.
Melillo, J.M.; Aber, J.D.; Linkins, A.E.; Ricca, A.; Fry,
B.; Nadelhoffer, K.J. Carbon and nitrogen dynamics
along the decay continuum: Plant litter to soil organic
matter. Plant Soil 115:189-198; 1989.
Miyake, Y.; Wada, E. The isotope effect on the nitrogen
in biochemical oxidation-reduction reactions. Rec.
Oceanogr. Works Jpn 11:1-6; 1971.
Monaghan, M.C.; Krishnaswami, S.; Thomas, J.H. lOBe
concentrations and the long-term fate of particlereactive nuclides in five soil profiles from California.
Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 65:51-60; 1983.
Nadelhoffer, KJ.; Fry, B. Controls on the natural nitrogen-15 and carbon-13 abundances in forest soil organic matter. Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. l 52:1633-1640;
1988.
Oades, J.M. An overview of processes affecting the cycling of organic carbon in soils. In; Zepp, R.; Sontagg,
C., eds. The Role of Nonliving Organic Matter in the
Earth's Carbon Cycle. New York: Wiley; 1995:293304.
O'Brien, J.B.; Stout, J.D. Movement and turnover of soil
organic matter as indicated by carbon isotope measurements. Soil BioI. Biochem. 10:309-317; 1978.
Parker, P.L. The biogeochemistry of the stable isotopes
in a marine bay. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 28: 11551164; 1964.
Piccolo, M.C.; Neill, C.; Melillo, J.M.; Cerri, C.e.; Steudler, P.A. 15N natural abundance in forest and pasture
soils of the Brazilian Amazon Basin. Plant Soil
182:249-258; 1996.
Riley, R.H.; Vitousek, P.M. Nutrient dynamics and nitrogen trace gas flux during ecosystem development in
montaine rain forest. Ecology 76:292-304; 1995.
Robinson, D.; Scrimgeour, C.M. The contribution of
plant C to soil CO2 measured using delta C-13. Soil
BioI. Biochem. 27:1653-1656; 1995.
Rochette, P.; Flanagan, L.B. Quantifying rhizosphere respiration in a corn crop under field conditions. Soil Sci.
Soc. Am. J. 61:466-474; 1997.
terest. In: Fleischer, M., ed. Data of Geochemistry. 6th
Ed. United States Geological Survey (USGS) Professional Paper 440-KK. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1977.
Galloway, IN.; Levy, H.; Kashibhatla, P.S. Year 2020Consequences of population growth and development
on deposition of oxidized nitrogen. Ambio 23: 120123; 1994.
Gile, L.; Grossman, R.B. The Desert Soil Project Monograph. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Soil Conservation Service; 1979.
Goreau, TJ.; Kaplan, w.A.; Wofsy, S.C.; McElroy, M.B.;
Valios, F.w.; Watson, S.w. Production of NOj and
N20 by nitrifying bacteria at reduced concentrations
of oxygen. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 40:526-532;
1980.
Hayes, lM. Fractionation, et al. An introduction to isotopic measurements and terminology. Spectra 8:3-8;
1982.
Heaton, T.H.E. 15N/14N ratios of nitrate and ammonium
in rain at Pretoria, South Africa. Atm. Environ.,
21:843-852; 1987a.
Heaton, T.H.E. The 15N/14N ratios of plants in South Africa and Namibia: Relationship to climate and coastal!
saline environments. Eocologia 74:236-246; 1987b.
Hedges, ll.; Mann, D.e. The lignin geochemistry ofmarine sediments from the southern Washington coast.
Geochim Cosmochim Acta 43:1809-1818; 1979.
Jackson, L.; Strauss, R.; Firestone, M.; Bartolornne, J.
Plant and soil nitrogen dynamics in California annual
grassland. Plant Soil 110:9-17; 1988.
Jenny, H.; Gessel., S.P.; Bingham, F.T. Comparative
study of decomposition rates of organic matter in temperate and tropical regions. Soil Sci 68:419-432;
1949.
Kinzig, A.P.; Socolow, R.H. Human impacts on the nitrogen cycle. Physics Today. November 1994:24-31;
1994.
Kononova, M.M. Soil Organic Matter. 2nd Ed. Oxford:
Pergamon; 1966.
Lauenroth, w.K.; Whitman, w.e. Dynamics of dry matter production in a mixed-grass prairie in western
North Dakota. Oecologia 27:339-351; 1977.
Mariotti, A. Apports de al Geochimie isotopiue a la connaissance du cycle de l'azote. Memoires des Sciences
de la Terre. Universite P. et M. Cure Paris, No. 82-13;
1982.
Mariotti, A. Atmospheric nitrogen is a reliable standard
for natural 15N abundance measurements. Nature
303:685-687; 1983.
Mariotti, A.; Germon, le.; Hubert, P.; Kaiser, P.; Letolle,
R.; Tardieux, A.; Tardieux, P. Experimental determinations of nitrogen kinetic isotope fractionation: Some
principles. Illustration for the denitrification and nitrification processes. Plant Soil 62:413-430; 1981.
Ronald Amundson and W. Troy Baisden
Mariotti, A.; Mariotti, F.; Champigny, M.L.; Amarger,
N.; Moyse, A. Nitrogen isotope fractionation associated with nitrate reductase activity and uptake of
NO; by pearl millet. Plant Physio169:880-884; 1982.
Mariotti, A.; Pierre, D.; Vedy, J.e.; Brukert, S.; Guillemot, l The abundance of natural nitrogen-15 in the
organic matter of soils along an altitudinal gradient.
Catena 7:292-300; 1980.
Mary, B.; Mariotti, A.; Morel, lL. Use of l3C variations
at natural abundance for studying the biodegradation
of root mucilage, roots, and glucose in soil. Soil BioI.
Biochem. 24:1065-1072; 1992.
McKeague, lA.; DeConinck, F.; Franzmeier, D.P. Spodosols. In: Wilding, L.P.; Smeck, N.E.; Hall, G.F., eds.
Pedogenesis and Soil Taxonomy. II. The Soil Orders.
Developments in Soil Science lIB. New York: Elsevier; 1983:217-252.
Melillo, J.M.; Aber, J.D.; Linkins, A.E.; Ricca, A.; Fry,
B.; Nadelhoffer, K.J. Carbon and nitrogen dynamics
along the decay continuum: Plant litter to soil organic
matter. Plant Soil 115:189-198; 1989.
Miyake, Y.; Wada, E. The isotope effect on the nitrogen
in biochemical oxidation-reduction reactions. Rec.
Oceanogr. Works Jpn 11:1-6; 1971.
Monaghan, M.C.; Krishnaswami, S.; Thomas, J.H. lOBe
concentrations and the long-term fate of particlereactive nuclides in five soil profiles from California.
Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 65:51-60; 1983.
Nadelhoffer, KJ.; Fry, B. Controls on the natural nitrogen-15 and carbon-13 abundances in forest soil organic matter. Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. l 52:1633-1640;
1988.
Oades, J.M. An overview of processes affecting the cycling of organic carbon in soils. In; Zepp, R.; Sontagg,
C., eds. The Role of Nonliving Organic Matter in the
Earth's Carbon Cycle. New York: Wiley; 1995:293304.
O'Brien, J.B.; Stout, J.D. Movement and turnover of soil
organic matter as indicated by carbon isotope measurements. Soil BioI. Biochem. 10:309-317; 1978.
Parker, P.L. The biogeochemistry of the stable isotopes
in a marine bay. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 28: 11551164; 1964.
Piccolo, M.C.; Neill, C.; Melillo, J.M.; Cerri, C.e.; Steudler, P.A. 15N natural abundance in forest and pasture
soils of the Brazilian Amazon Basin. Plant Soil
182:249-258; 1996.
Riley, R.H.; Vitousek, P.M. Nutrient dynamics and nitrogen trace gas flux during ecosystem development in
montaine rain forest. Ecology 76:292-304; 1995.
Robinson, D.; Scrimgeour, C.M. The contribution of
plant C to soil CO2 measured using delta C-13. Soil
BioI. Biochem. 27:1653-1656; 1995.
Rochette, P.; Flanagan, L.B. Quantifying rhizosphere respiration in a corn crop under field conditions. Soil Sci.
Soc. Am. J. 61:466-474; 1997.