8. Stable Isotope Tracers and Mathematical Models in Soil Organic Matter Studies
135
Baisden, W.T.; Amundson. RG. Matrix methods to
model terrestrial ecosystem C and N dynamics. Suppl.
Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 1997 Annu. Meet. 78(4):218;
1997.
Balesdent, J.; Girardin, e.; Mariotti, A. Site-related ol3C
of tree leaves and soil organic matter in a temperate
forest. Ecology 74:1713-1721; 1993.
Balesdent, J.; Mariotti, A. Measurement of soil organic
matter turnover using l3C natural abundance. In: Boutton, T.; Yamasaki, S., eds. Mass Spectrometry of Soils.
Marcel Dekker, New York; 1996:83-111.
Balesdent, J.; Wagner, G.H.; Mariotti, A. Soil organic
matter turnover in long-term field experiments as revealed by carbon-13 natural abundance. Soil Sci. Soc.
Am. J. 52:118-124; 1988.
Bender, M.M. Mass spectrometric studies of carbon 13
variations in com and other grasses. Radiocarbon
10:468--472; 1968.
Benner, R.; Fogel, M.L.; Sprague, E.K.; Hodson, RE.
Depletion of l3C in lignin and its implications for stable carbon isotope studies. Nature 329:708-710; 1987.
Bertram, H.-G.; Schleser, G.H. The 13C/12C isotope ratios
in a north-German podzol. In: Schmidt, H.-L.; Forstel,
H.; K. Heinzinger, K., eds. Stable Isotopes. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1982:115-120.
Bird, M.L; Chivas, A.R.; Head, J. A latitudinal gradient
in carbon turnover times in forest soils. Nature
381:143-146; 1996.
Blackmer, A.M.; Bremner, J.M. Nitrogen isotope discrimination in denitrification of nitrate in soils. Soil
BioI. Biochem. 9:73-77; 1977.
Boutton, T.W. Stable carbon isotope ratios of soil organic
matter and their use as indicators of vegetation and
climate change. In: Boutton, T.; Yamasaki, S, eds.
Mass Spectrometry of Soils. New York: Marcel
Decker; 1996:47-82.
Bray, J.R Root production and the estimation of net productivity. Can. J. Bot. 41:65-72; 1963.
Bremner, J.M. Isotope-ratio analysis of nitrogen in
nitrogen-15 tracer investigations. In: Black, e.A.;
Evans, D.D.; Ensminger, L.E.; White, J.L.; Clark,
EE.; Dinauer, Re., eds. Methods of Soil Analysis.
Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties.
Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy;
1965: 1256-1286.
Bryan, B.A.; Shearer, G.; Skeeters, J.; Kohl, D.H. Variable expression of the nitrogen isotope effect associated with denitrification of nitrate. J. BioI. Chern.
258:8613-8617; 1983.
Cerling, T.E.; Solomon, D.K.; Quade, J.; Bowman, J.R
On the isotopic composition of carbon in soil carbon
dioxide. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 55:3404-3405;
1991.
Chien, S.H.; Shearer, G.; Kohl, D.H. The nitrogen isotope effect associated with nitrate and nitrite loss from
waterlogged soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 41:63--69;
1977.
Cook, ED.; Wellman, R.P.; Krouse, H.R. Nitrogen isotope fractionation in the nitrogen cycle. In: E. Ingersen, E., ed. Proceedings of Symposium on Hydrogeochemistry and Biogeochemistry. Vol. 2. Washington,
DC: Clark; 1973:49--64.
Connin, S.L.; Virginia, RA.; Chamberlain, e.P. Carbon
isotopes reveal soil organic matter dynamics following
arid shrub expansion. Oecologia 110:374-386; 1997.
Craig, H. Isotopic standards for carbon and oxygen and
correction factors for mass spectrometric analyses of
carbon dioxide. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 12:133149; 1957.
Darwin, C. The Formation of Vegetable Mould Through
the Action of Worms, with Observations on Their Habits. London: John Murray; 1881.
Delwiche, e.C.; Steyn, P.L. Nitrogen isotope fractionation in soils and microbial reactions. Environ. Sci.
Tech. 4:929-935; 1970.
Domenach, A.M.; Chalamet, A. Rapports isotopiques nature1s de l' axote. 1. Premiers resultats. Sols des Dombes. Rev. Ecol. BioI. Sol. 14:279-287; 1977.
Dorr, H.; Mtinnich, K.O. Annual variations of the 14C
content of soil CO2, Radiocarbon 28:338-345; 1986.
Dorr, H.; Mtinnich, K.O. Downward movement of soil
organic matter and its influence on trace-element
transport elOPb, 137Cs) in the soil. Radiocarbon
31:655-663; 1989.
Dzurec, R.S.; Boutton, T.W.; Caldwell, M.M.; Smith,
B.N. Carbon isotope ratios of soil organic matter and
their use in assessing community composition changes
in Curlew Valley, Utah. Oecologia 66:17-24; 1985.
Elzein, A.; Balesdent, J. Mechanistic simulation of vertical distribution of carbon concentrations and residence times in soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 59:13281335; 1995.
Evans, RD.; Eh1eringer, J.R. A break in the nitrogen cycle in aridlands? Evidence from o 15 N of soils. Oecologia 94:314-317; 1993.
Farquhar, G.D.; Ehleringer, J.R.; Hubick, K.T. Carbon
isotope discrimination and photosynthesis. Annu. Rev.
Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. BioI. 40:503-537; 1989.
Faure, G. Principles of Isotope Geology. 2nd Ed. New
York: Wiley; 1986.
Focht, D.D. Isotope fractionation of 15N and 14N in microbial transformations: a theoretical model. J. Environ. Qual. 2:247-252; 1973.
Freidli, H.; Lotscher, H.; Oeschger, H.; Seigenthaler, U.;
Stauffer, B. Ice core record of the l3C/l2C ratio of atmospheric CO2 in the past two centuries. Nature
324:237-238; 1986.
Freidman, 1.; O'Neil, J.R Chapter, KK. Compilation of
stable isotope fractionation factors of geochemical in-
135
Baisden, W.T.; Amundson. RG. Matrix methods to
model terrestrial ecosystem C and N dynamics. Suppl.
Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 1997 Annu. Meet. 78(4):218;
1997.
Balesdent, J.; Girardin, e.; Mariotti, A. Site-related ol3C
of tree leaves and soil organic matter in a temperate
forest. Ecology 74:1713-1721; 1993.
Balesdent, J.; Mariotti, A. Measurement of soil organic
matter turnover using l3C natural abundance. In: Boutton, T.; Yamasaki, S., eds. Mass Spectrometry of Soils.
Marcel Dekker, New York; 1996:83-111.
Balesdent, J.; Wagner, G.H.; Mariotti, A. Soil organic
matter turnover in long-term field experiments as revealed by carbon-13 natural abundance. Soil Sci. Soc.
Am. J. 52:118-124; 1988.
Bender, M.M. Mass spectrometric studies of carbon 13
variations in com and other grasses. Radiocarbon
10:468--472; 1968.
Benner, R.; Fogel, M.L.; Sprague, E.K.; Hodson, RE.
Depletion of l3C in lignin and its implications for stable carbon isotope studies. Nature 329:708-710; 1987.
Bertram, H.-G.; Schleser, G.H. The 13C/12C isotope ratios
in a north-German podzol. In: Schmidt, H.-L.; Forstel,
H.; K. Heinzinger, K., eds. Stable Isotopes. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1982:115-120.
Bird, M.L; Chivas, A.R.; Head, J. A latitudinal gradient
in carbon turnover times in forest soils. Nature
381:143-146; 1996.
Blackmer, A.M.; Bremner, J.M. Nitrogen isotope discrimination in denitrification of nitrate in soils. Soil
BioI. Biochem. 9:73-77; 1977.
Boutton, T.W. Stable carbon isotope ratios of soil organic
matter and their use as indicators of vegetation and
climate change. In: Boutton, T.; Yamasaki, S, eds.
Mass Spectrometry of Soils. New York: Marcel
Decker; 1996:47-82.
Bray, J.R Root production and the estimation of net productivity. Can. J. Bot. 41:65-72; 1963.
Bremner, J.M. Isotope-ratio analysis of nitrogen in
nitrogen-15 tracer investigations. In: Black, e.A.;
Evans, D.D.; Ensminger, L.E.; White, J.L.; Clark,
EE.; Dinauer, Re., eds. Methods of Soil Analysis.
Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties.
Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy;
1965: 1256-1286.
Bryan, B.A.; Shearer, G.; Skeeters, J.; Kohl, D.H. Variable expression of the nitrogen isotope effect associated with denitrification of nitrate. J. BioI. Chern.
258:8613-8617; 1983.
Cerling, T.E.; Solomon, D.K.; Quade, J.; Bowman, J.R
On the isotopic composition of carbon in soil carbon
dioxide. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 55:3404-3405;
1991.
Chien, S.H.; Shearer, G.; Kohl, D.H. The nitrogen isotope effect associated with nitrate and nitrite loss from
waterlogged soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 41:63--69;
1977.
Cook, ED.; Wellman, R.P.; Krouse, H.R. Nitrogen isotope fractionation in the nitrogen cycle. In: E. Ingersen, E., ed. Proceedings of Symposium on Hydrogeochemistry and Biogeochemistry. Vol. 2. Washington,
DC: Clark; 1973:49--64.
Connin, S.L.; Virginia, RA.; Chamberlain, e.P. Carbon
isotopes reveal soil organic matter dynamics following
arid shrub expansion. Oecologia 110:374-386; 1997.
Craig, H. Isotopic standards for carbon and oxygen and
correction factors for mass spectrometric analyses of
carbon dioxide. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 12:133149; 1957.
Darwin, C. The Formation of Vegetable Mould Through
the Action of Worms, with Observations on Their Habits. London: John Murray; 1881.
Delwiche, e.C.; Steyn, P.L. Nitrogen isotope fractionation in soils and microbial reactions. Environ. Sci.
Tech. 4:929-935; 1970.
Domenach, A.M.; Chalamet, A. Rapports isotopiques nature1s de l' axote. 1. Premiers resultats. Sols des Dombes. Rev. Ecol. BioI. Sol. 14:279-287; 1977.
Dorr, H.; Mtinnich, K.O. Annual variations of the 14C
content of soil CO2, Radiocarbon 28:338-345; 1986.
Dorr, H.; Mtinnich, K.O. Downward movement of soil
organic matter and its influence on trace-element
transport elOPb, 137Cs) in the soil. Radiocarbon
31:655-663; 1989.
Dzurec, R.S.; Boutton, T.W.; Caldwell, M.M.; Smith,
B.N. Carbon isotope ratios of soil organic matter and
their use in assessing community composition changes
in Curlew Valley, Utah. Oecologia 66:17-24; 1985.
Elzein, A.; Balesdent, J. Mechanistic simulation of vertical distribution of carbon concentrations and residence times in soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 59:13281335; 1995.
Evans, RD.; Eh1eringer, J.R. A break in the nitrogen cycle in aridlands? Evidence from o 15 N of soils. Oecologia 94:314-317; 1993.
Farquhar, G.D.; Ehleringer, J.R.; Hubick, K.T. Carbon
isotope discrimination and photosynthesis. Annu. Rev.
Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. BioI. 40:503-537; 1989.
Faure, G. Principles of Isotope Geology. 2nd Ed. New
York: Wiley; 1986.
Focht, D.D. Isotope fractionation of 15N and 14N in microbial transformations: a theoretical model. J. Environ. Qual. 2:247-252; 1973.
Freidli, H.; Lotscher, H.; Oeschger, H.; Seigenthaler, U.;
Stauffer, B. Ice core record of the l3C/l2C ratio of atmospheric CO2 in the past two centuries. Nature
324:237-238; 1986.
Freidman, 1.; O'Neil, J.R Chapter, KK. Compilation of
stable isotope fractionation factors of geochemical in-