8. Stable Isotope Tracers and Mathematical Models in Soil Organic Matter Studies
137
Schlesinger, W.H. Carbon balance in terrestrial detritus.
Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 8:51-81; 1977.
Schlesinger, W.H. Biogeochemistry. An Analysis of
Global Change. New York: Academic; 1991.
Shearer, G.; Duffy, J.; Kohl, D.H.; Commoner, B. A
steady-state model of isotopic fractionation accompanying nitrogen fractionations in soil. Soil Sci. Soc.
Am. Proc. 38:315-322; 1974.
Shearer, G.; Kohl, D.H. N2-fixation in field settings: Estimations based on natural 15N abundance. Aust. J.
Plant Physiol. 13:699-756; 1986.
Shearer, G.; Kohl, D.H. Estimates of N2 fixation in ecosystems: The need for and basis of the 15N natural
abundance method. In: Rundel, P.W.; Ehleringer, J.R;
Nagy, K.A, eds. Stable Isotopes in Ecological Research. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1988:342-374.
Shearer, G.; Kohl, D.H.; Chein, S.H. The nitrogen-15
abundance in a wide variety of soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am.
J. 42:899-902; 1978.
Smith, B.N.; Epstein, S. Two categories of 13CfI2C for
higher plants. Plant Physiol. 47:380-384; 1971.
Stout, J.D.; Rafter, T.A The l3CfI2C isotopic ratios of
some New Zealand tussock grassland soils. In: Robinson, B.W., ed. Stable Isotopes in the Earth Sciences.
Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Scientific
and Industrial Research; 1978:75-83.
Taylor, H.P., Jr.; O'Neil, J.R; Kaplan, LR. Samuel Epstein: Scientist, teacher, and friend. In: Taylor, H.P.,
Jr.; O'Neil, J.R; Kaplan, LR, eds. Stable Isotope Geochemistry: A Tribute to Samuel Epstein. Special Publication No.3. San Antonio, TX: The Geochemical
Society, Trinity Univ.; 1991:xiii-xvi.
Townsend, AR; Vitousek, P.M.; Trumbore, S.E. Soil organic matter dynamics along gradients in temperature
and land use on the island of Hawaii. Ecology 76:721733; 1995.
Trumbore, S.E. Comparison of carbon dynamics in tropical and temperate soil using radiocarbon measurements. Global Biogeochem. Cycl. 9:515-528; 1993.
Tsai, P.-T. Strontium 90 Translocation in Undisturbed
Soil Profiles. M.S. thesis, University of Utah, Salt
Lake City, UT; 1989.
Uebersax, A The Content and Stable Isotope Systematics
of Carbon and Nitrogen in Soil Organic Matter from
Elevation Transects in Hawaii (USA) and Mt. Kilimanjaro (Tanzania). M.S. thesis, University of California, Berkeley, CA; 1996.
Vitousek, P.M.; Shearer, G.; Kohl, D.H. Foliar 15N natural abundance in Hawaiian rainforest: Patterns and
possible mechanisms. Oecologia 78:383-388; 1989.
Volobuev, Y.R. Ecology of Soils. Jerusalem: Israel Program for Scientific Translations; 1964.
Vogt, K. Carbon budgets of temperate forest ecosystems.
Tree Physiol. 9:69-86; 1991.
Wang, Y.; Amundson, R.; Trumbore, S.A model for soil
14C02 and its implications for using 14C to date pedogenic carbonate. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
58:393-399; 1994.
Wang, Y.; Cerling, T.E.; Effland, W.R. Stable isotope ratios of soil carbonate and soil organic matter as indicators of forest invasion of prairie near Ames, Iowa.
Oecologia 95:365-369; 1993.
Wedin, D.A; Tieszen, L.L.; Dewey, B.; Pastor, J. Carbon
isotope dynamics during grass decomposition and soil
organic matter formation. Ecology 76: 1383-1392;
1995.
Wellman, RP.; Cook, ED.; Krouse, H.R Nitrogen-15:
Microbial alteration of abundance. Science 161:269270; 1968.
137
Schlesinger, W.H. Carbon balance in terrestrial detritus.
Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 8:51-81; 1977.
Schlesinger, W.H. Biogeochemistry. An Analysis of
Global Change. New York: Academic; 1991.
Shearer, G.; Duffy, J.; Kohl, D.H.; Commoner, B. A
steady-state model of isotopic fractionation accompanying nitrogen fractionations in soil. Soil Sci. Soc.
Am. Proc. 38:315-322; 1974.
Shearer, G.; Kohl, D.H. N2-fixation in field settings: Estimations based on natural 15N abundance. Aust. J.
Plant Physiol. 13:699-756; 1986.
Shearer, G.; Kohl, D.H. Estimates of N2 fixation in ecosystems: The need for and basis of the 15N natural
abundance method. In: Rundel, P.W.; Ehleringer, J.R;
Nagy, K.A, eds. Stable Isotopes in Ecological Research. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1988:342-374.
Shearer, G.; Kohl, D.H.; Chein, S.H. The nitrogen-15
abundance in a wide variety of soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am.
J. 42:899-902; 1978.
Smith, B.N.; Epstein, S. Two categories of 13CfI2C for
higher plants. Plant Physiol. 47:380-384; 1971.
Stout, J.D.; Rafter, T.A The l3CfI2C isotopic ratios of
some New Zealand tussock grassland soils. In: Robinson, B.W., ed. Stable Isotopes in the Earth Sciences.
Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Scientific
and Industrial Research; 1978:75-83.
Taylor, H.P., Jr.; O'Neil, J.R; Kaplan, LR. Samuel Epstein: Scientist, teacher, and friend. In: Taylor, H.P.,
Jr.; O'Neil, J.R; Kaplan, LR, eds. Stable Isotope Geochemistry: A Tribute to Samuel Epstein. Special Publication No.3. San Antonio, TX: The Geochemical
Society, Trinity Univ.; 1991:xiii-xvi.
Townsend, AR; Vitousek, P.M.; Trumbore, S.E. Soil organic matter dynamics along gradients in temperature
and land use on the island of Hawaii. Ecology 76:721733; 1995.
Trumbore, S.E. Comparison of carbon dynamics in tropical and temperate soil using radiocarbon measurements. Global Biogeochem. Cycl. 9:515-528; 1993.
Tsai, P.-T. Strontium 90 Translocation in Undisturbed
Soil Profiles. M.S. thesis, University of Utah, Salt
Lake City, UT; 1989.
Uebersax, A The Content and Stable Isotope Systematics
of Carbon and Nitrogen in Soil Organic Matter from
Elevation Transects in Hawaii (USA) and Mt. Kilimanjaro (Tanzania). M.S. thesis, University of California, Berkeley, CA; 1996.
Vitousek, P.M.; Shearer, G.; Kohl, D.H. Foliar 15N natural abundance in Hawaiian rainforest: Patterns and
possible mechanisms. Oecologia 78:383-388; 1989.
Volobuev, Y.R. Ecology of Soils. Jerusalem: Israel Program for Scientific Translations; 1964.
Vogt, K. Carbon budgets of temperate forest ecosystems.
Tree Physiol. 9:69-86; 1991.
Wang, Y.; Amundson, R.; Trumbore, S.A model for soil
14C02 and its implications for using 14C to date pedogenic carbonate. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
58:393-399; 1994.
Wang, Y.; Cerling, T.E.; Effland, W.R. Stable isotope ratios of soil carbonate and soil organic matter as indicators of forest invasion of prairie near Ames, Iowa.
Oecologia 95:365-369; 1993.
Wedin, D.A; Tieszen, L.L.; Dewey, B.; Pastor, J. Carbon
isotope dynamics during grass decomposition and soil
organic matter formation. Ecology 76: 1383-1392;
1995.
Wellman, RP.; Cook, ED.; Krouse, H.R Nitrogen-15:
Microbial alteration of abundance. Science 161:269270; 1968.