242
Index
124f, 141, 147, 152, 154, 159, 160,
179, 180, 183f, 188
field genebank 36, 109
genebank 28, 37,41,53,66, 72, 80ff,
9lf, 105, 107ff, 116, 128, 140, 142,
153, 155, 159, 161, 164f, 168, 170,
176,184
in situ 3f, 29ff, 34ff, 38ff, 44, 56, 58,
61ff, 65ff, 79, 93, 101, 102, 103f,
I11ff, 117, 124, 135ff, 146f, 150,
151, 154, 159, 162, 173, 177, 179,
180,181, 182ff, 185ff
management 37, 90, 141, 147, 168ff,
177, 186f
optimum level 57ff, 112ff
system 8,44,66, 72, 76, 77, 102, 121,
144f, 149, 168, 185
conservation and service center 177f, 184
controlled in situ conservation 64, 66,
69ff, 113f, 179, 182f, 186
costs
average costs 108, 110, l1lf, 115
conservation costs 102, 103ff, 112,
147, 185, 186
in situ conservation Illff
ex situ conservation 103ff
management level 103, 107,f, 112, 115,
138
transaction costs 32, 71, 75, 77{, 95ff,
114ff, 145, 172, 180
crops Iff,5ff, 13, 15, 19f, 22f, 26, 29, 30,
34,35, 37f, 41ff, 44, 51, 54, 60, 80, 82f,
92,97, 103f, 109, 112f, 134, 143, 153f,
158f, 161, 165, 173, 175, 183
data
characterization data 19,38
evaluation data 38,144,165,170
passport data 38, 144, 145
developing countries 2, 6, 11, 14, 26ff, 46,
48, 53, 56f, 62, 64, 76f, 79, 86, 89, 96ff,
106,110, Ill, 118, 126, 135, 163, 165f,
182
diversity
definition 5, 33
documentation 81, 123, 143ff, 155, 164f,
170
early warning system 81, 92, 95, 135, 136,
138
economic valuation 8,10,19,47,187
effectiveness of conservation 102, 140,
189
environmental goods 45, 47ff, 67
ex situ
conservation 3, 30, 34, 35ff, 42, 43f,
54, 57, 62f, 75, 79f, 83, 102, 103ff,
118, 124f, 141, 147, 152, 154, 160,
161,179,180, 183f, 188
collection 30,34,44,46,79,81,87,89,
91,92, 125, 134, 136, 138, 142, 152,
164, 180
exchange of genetic resources
exchange systems 1, 77, 84
bilateral exchange system 91, 94, 95,
98,100,181,188
market system 78,95,179,189
multilateral exchange system 91, 93,
95,98,182
extinction rates 16, 17, 18, 175
expenditures ofPGRFA conservation
expenditures flows 132ff
international level 117, 128ff, 189
national level 115ff, 130, 132, 135,
179, 189
farmer 24, 28, 45, 46, 58, 64ff, 85, 87f,
112, 135, 171ff, 180, 187
farming system 80
food crops 14, 35,43, 92, 158
funds for conservation 4, 76, 82, 87, 98ff,
128, 129, 164
genebank 29, 37,41,53,66,72, 80ff, 9lf,
105ff, 116, 128, 140, 142, 153, 155,
160,162,165,167,168,170,176,184
genetic extinction
determinants 7, 9, 11, 15, 16, 27, 96,
187
extent 7, 11,21,25
rates 16,17,18,175
genetic resources
centers of diversity 13f, 33
development 27
losses 7,9, 16ff, 28, 53, 78
extinction rates 16,17,18,175
Index
124f, 141, 147, 152, 154, 159, 160,
179, 180, 183f, 188
field genebank 36, 109
genebank 28, 37,41,53,66, 72, 80ff,
9lf, 105, 107ff, 116, 128, 140, 142,
153, 155, 159, 161, 164f, 168, 170,
176,184
in situ 3f, 29ff, 34ff, 38ff, 44, 56, 58,
61ff, 65ff, 79, 93, 101, 102, 103f,
I11ff, 117, 124, 135ff, 146f, 150,
151, 154, 159, 162, 173, 177, 179,
180,181, 182ff, 185ff
management 37, 90, 141, 147, 168ff,
177, 186f
optimum level 57ff, 112ff
system 8,44,66, 72, 76, 77, 102, 121,
144f, 149, 168, 185
conservation and service center 177f, 184
controlled in situ conservation 64, 66,
69ff, 113f, 179, 182f, 186
costs
average costs 108, 110, l1lf, 115
conservation costs 102, 103ff, 112,
147, 185, 186
in situ conservation Illff
ex situ conservation 103ff
management level 103, 107,f, 112, 115,
138
transaction costs 32, 71, 75, 77{, 95ff,
114ff, 145, 172, 180
crops Iff,5ff, 13, 15, 19f, 22f, 26, 29, 30,
34,35, 37f, 41ff, 44, 51, 54, 60, 80, 82f,
92,97, 103f, 109, 112f, 134, 143, 153f,
158f, 161, 165, 173, 175, 183
data
characterization data 19,38
evaluation data 38,144,165,170
passport data 38, 144, 145
developing countries 2, 6, 11, 14, 26ff, 46,
48, 53, 56f, 62, 64, 76f, 79, 86, 89, 96ff,
106,110, Ill, 118, 126, 135, 163, 165f,
182
diversity
definition 5, 33
documentation 81, 123, 143ff, 155, 164f,
170
early warning system 81, 92, 95, 135, 136,
138
economic valuation 8,10,19,47,187
effectiveness of conservation 102, 140,
189
environmental goods 45, 47ff, 67
ex situ
conservation 3, 30, 34, 35ff, 42, 43f,
54, 57, 62f, 75, 79f, 83, 102, 103ff,
118, 124f, 141, 147, 152, 154, 160,
161,179,180, 183f, 188
collection 30,34,44,46,79,81,87,89,
91,92, 125, 134, 136, 138, 142, 152,
164, 180
exchange of genetic resources
exchange systems 1, 77, 84
bilateral exchange system 91, 94, 95,
98,100,181,188
market system 78,95,179,189
multilateral exchange system 91, 93,
95,98,182
extinction rates 16, 17, 18, 175
expenditures ofPGRFA conservation
expenditures flows 132ff
international level 117, 128ff, 189
national level 115ff, 130, 132, 135,
179, 189
farmer 24, 28, 45, 46, 58, 64ff, 85, 87f,
112, 135, 171ff, 180, 187
farming system 80
food crops 14, 35,43, 92, 158
funds for conservation 4, 76, 82, 87, 98ff,
128, 129, 164
genebank 29, 37,41,53,66,72, 80ff, 9lf,
105ff, 116, 128, 140, 142, 153, 155,
160,162,165,167,168,170,176,184
genetic extinction
determinants 7, 9, 11, 15, 16, 27, 96,
187
extent 7, 11,21,25
rates 16,17,18,175
genetic resources
centers of diversity 13f, 33
development 27
losses 7,9, 16ff, 28, 53, 78
extinction rates 16,17,18,175