5.2 Expenditures of PGRFA Conservation
125
domestic expenditures for conservation of PGRFA were approximately US $ 733
million. Depending on the different approaches used, however, the order of
magnitude is between US $ 599 million and US $ 740 million. These results
represent a variation of approximately 10% from the average value of US $ 674, or
a deviation of 1 % over and 18% below the most likely value of US $733 million.
Based on the information received, it is estimated that the group of 24 countries,
mainly from North America and West Europe with the highest GDP per capita
account for approximately US $ 512 million of the total, whereas all other countries
combined account for US $ 221 million of the overall national expenditures for
PGRFA conservation.
The domestic expenditures spent for PGRFA conservation can be calculated by
clustering the countries into 6 regional groups and correlating the expenditures to
the amount of accessions, (approach 1 in Table 5.11). The overall economic
situation in each regional group is similar enough to calculate average domestic
expenditures per conserved accession. Therefore, this approach is preferred for the
estimation of the overall domestic expenditures, amount to US $ 733 million in
1995. The same neglectable distortion is more or less assumed to be existent by
dividing the countries according to the number of accessions and GDP/capita
(approach 2d in Table 5.11). The other three approaches (2a, b, c in Table 5.11) are
assumed to have some distortion because of under-estimating the low income
countries' potential of domestic expenditures.
The order of magnitude in the financial assistance received by countries is high,
ranging from US $ 58 million to 164 million, because only 10% of all relevant
countries which potentially received financial assistance for the conservation of
PGRFA presented data. Correlating financial assistance to the number of accessions
stored ex situ and simultaneously clustering the countries into 6 regional groups
represents the best possible solution for the estimate (see approach 1 in Table 5.11).
The overall economic situation in each regional group is similar enough to calculate
the average financial assistance received per conserved accession. For each group
there are enough data from countries representing the group. Consequently, the
figure of US $ 82 million is the closest rough estimate of financial assistance
received by countries for thr conservation of PGRFA in 1995. The clustering of
countries according to their OECD membership (approach 2a in Table 5.11)
integrates most of the countriese contributing financial assistance on the one hand
and those countries receiving financial assistance on the other.
Because of lacking information the calculated US $ 58 million are probably
underestimated. The other two approaches (2b and 2c in Table 5.11) overestiomate
the financial assistance by integrating countries which contribute financial as
receiving countries. Because little information for each group in the category of
financial assistance was received, the approach of clustering the countries into 9
groups (approach 2d in Table 5.11) becomes distorted 66 .Consequently, this figure is
not presented in the overview in Table 5.11.
Some studies commissioned by UNEP estimated the financial resources provided to
developing countries for the conservation of biodiversity in general. Their result
.. For detailed information see Appendix 14.
125
domestic expenditures for conservation of PGRFA were approximately US $ 733
million. Depending on the different approaches used, however, the order of
magnitude is between US $ 599 million and US $ 740 million. These results
represent a variation of approximately 10% from the average value of US $ 674, or
a deviation of 1 % over and 18% below the most likely value of US $733 million.
Based on the information received, it is estimated that the group of 24 countries,
mainly from North America and West Europe with the highest GDP per capita
account for approximately US $ 512 million of the total, whereas all other countries
combined account for US $ 221 million of the overall national expenditures for
PGRFA conservation.
The domestic expenditures spent for PGRFA conservation can be calculated by
clustering the countries into 6 regional groups and correlating the expenditures to
the amount of accessions, (approach 1 in Table 5.11). The overall economic
situation in each regional group is similar enough to calculate average domestic
expenditures per conserved accession. Therefore, this approach is preferred for the
estimation of the overall domestic expenditures, amount to US $ 733 million in
1995. The same neglectable distortion is more or less assumed to be existent by
dividing the countries according to the number of accessions and GDP/capita
(approach 2d in Table 5.11). The other three approaches (2a, b, c in Table 5.11) are
assumed to have some distortion because of under-estimating the low income
countries' potential of domestic expenditures.
The order of magnitude in the financial assistance received by countries is high,
ranging from US $ 58 million to 164 million, because only 10% of all relevant
countries which potentially received financial assistance for the conservation of
PGRFA presented data. Correlating financial assistance to the number of accessions
stored ex situ and simultaneously clustering the countries into 6 regional groups
represents the best possible solution for the estimate (see approach 1 in Table 5.11).
The overall economic situation in each regional group is similar enough to calculate
the average financial assistance received per conserved accession. For each group
there are enough data from countries representing the group. Consequently, the
figure of US $ 82 million is the closest rough estimate of financial assistance
received by countries for thr conservation of PGRFA in 1995. The clustering of
countries according to their OECD membership (approach 2a in Table 5.11)
integrates most of the countriese contributing financial assistance on the one hand
and those countries receiving financial assistance on the other.
Because of lacking information the calculated US $ 58 million are probably
underestimated. The other two approaches (2b and 2c in Table 5.11) overestiomate
the financial assistance by integrating countries which contribute financial as
receiving countries. Because little information for each group in the category of
financial assistance was received, the approach of clustering the countries into 9
groups (approach 2d in Table 5.11) becomes distorted 66 .Consequently, this figure is
not presented in the overview in Table 5.11.
Some studies commissioned by UNEP estimated the financial resources provided to
developing countries for the conservation of biodiversity in general. Their result
.. For detailed information see Appendix 14.