124
5 Conservation Costs of PGRFA
conserved accessions were used as criterion in the second approach. Calculating
the ratio of all ex situ conserved accessions to the accessions conserved by the 39
countries and multiplying it with the known expenditures of these countries, the
overall expenditures for the three categories was estimated. 63
Because of the significant different expenditure structures in different countries, as
some examples demonstrate in Table 5.10, the countries were clustered into
different groups. Without clustering the countries, the estimation would become
distorted in one way or the other. For instance, financial assistance contributed for
international and national activities in PGRFA conservation is mainly carried out by
DECO countries. Without any kind of clusters, the estimate would imply financial
contributions by all countries, which overrates these contributions. Consequently,
all 165 countries were clustered into different groups according to the following
criteria:
Clustering countries by GDP per capita takes into account that countries with
similar economic power may spend equal amount for PGRFA conservation. The
countries were divided into 5 groups. In order to represent the economic
resemblance more roughly all countries were divided into two groups: the DECO
and the non-DECO countries. Another way of clustering was to group the countries
into 6 groups according to their region, which may present the similarity in the
economic conditions between the countries in a different but also significant way. A
third way of clustering the countries was by dividing the countries into 3 groups
according to accessions and GDP per capita according to the numbers of
accessions conserved ex situ (high, medium, and low). Each group was subdivided
into 3 groups according to their GOP per capita.
It is necessary to identify plant genetic resources rich and poor countries when
estimating the future costs for PGRFA conservation, according to criteria as the
amount of accessions stored in ex situ collections (as key criterion for the national
situation of ex situ conservation activities) as well as the fact whether the specific
country is part of one of the gene centers (as key criterion for the national situation
of in situ conservation necessities). But estimating the expenditures for 1995 has to
be mainly derived from the ex situ conservation activities, because only a few
countries have started with in situ conservation activities for PGRFA and may
already have significant expenditures in 1995. Consequently, for the estimate
carried out here, only the numbers of accessions stored in genebanks in a country
are implied to cluster the countries in groups with similar conservation activities
and expenditures.
By using the different approaches and criteria noted above, and by analyzing the
results, the estimate may be considered to be the most reasonable, given the data
constraints already mentioned.
All the estimate results are shown in Table 5.11. Their most important aspects
will be discussed in the following 64 • Based on the data provided and the different
calculations carried out, it is estimated for 1995 that the total of the national
6l
For more details of the calculations see Appendix 14.
M
The detailed calculations can be looked up in Appendix 14.
5 Conservation Costs of PGRFA
conserved accessions were used as criterion in the second approach. Calculating
the ratio of all ex situ conserved accessions to the accessions conserved by the 39
countries and multiplying it with the known expenditures of these countries, the
overall expenditures for the three categories was estimated. 63
Because of the significant different expenditure structures in different countries, as
some examples demonstrate in Table 5.10, the countries were clustered into
different groups. Without clustering the countries, the estimation would become
distorted in one way or the other. For instance, financial assistance contributed for
international and national activities in PGRFA conservation is mainly carried out by
DECO countries. Without any kind of clusters, the estimate would imply financial
contributions by all countries, which overrates these contributions. Consequently,
all 165 countries were clustered into different groups according to the following
criteria:
Clustering countries by GDP per capita takes into account that countries with
similar economic power may spend equal amount for PGRFA conservation. The
countries were divided into 5 groups. In order to represent the economic
resemblance more roughly all countries were divided into two groups: the DECO
and the non-DECO countries. Another way of clustering was to group the countries
into 6 groups according to their region, which may present the similarity in the
economic conditions between the countries in a different but also significant way. A
third way of clustering the countries was by dividing the countries into 3 groups
according to accessions and GDP per capita according to the numbers of
accessions conserved ex situ (high, medium, and low). Each group was subdivided
into 3 groups according to their GOP per capita.
It is necessary to identify plant genetic resources rich and poor countries when
estimating the future costs for PGRFA conservation, according to criteria as the
amount of accessions stored in ex situ collections (as key criterion for the national
situation of ex situ conservation activities) as well as the fact whether the specific
country is part of one of the gene centers (as key criterion for the national situation
of in situ conservation necessities). But estimating the expenditures for 1995 has to
be mainly derived from the ex situ conservation activities, because only a few
countries have started with in situ conservation activities for PGRFA and may
already have significant expenditures in 1995. Consequently, for the estimate
carried out here, only the numbers of accessions stored in genebanks in a country
are implied to cluster the countries in groups with similar conservation activities
and expenditures.
By using the different approaches and criteria noted above, and by analyzing the
results, the estimate may be considered to be the most reasonable, given the data
constraints already mentioned.
All the estimate results are shown in Table 5.11. Their most important aspects
will be discussed in the following 64 • Based on the data provided and the different
calculations carried out, it is estimated for 1995 that the total of the national
6l
For more details of the calculations see Appendix 14.
M
The detailed calculations can be looked up in Appendix 14.