318
Index
Striped bass, 146, 149-150
Strongylocentrotus intermedius, 285
Structural lipids, 134, 137
Stylodrilus heringianus, 117, 126
Sulfolipids, 23
Sulfur-reducing bacteria, 30
Sunfish
blue gill, 140
redbreast. 151
Surface renewal model, 237-238, 254
Surfactant micelles, 238-240
Surfactants, 238-240, 24lt, 242, 252
Synechococcus, 25-26, 47
Synechococcus lividus, 28
Synura petersenii, 98, 10 I-I 02
Syracosphaera carte rae, 178t
Tannic acid, 151
Temperature
benthic invertebrates and, 110, 113,
124-125
fish and, 135-136, 147, 149-150, 189
food limitations and, 97
food webs/chains and, 169, 173-175,
189
of Great Lakes, 110
irradiance and, 59, 62-63, 66
marine versus freshwater organisms
and,279
zooplankton and, 83-84, 97
Tetrachlorobiphenyl,211
Tetrase/mis, 178t, 183-184
Textile mills, 151
Thermal adaptation, 288
Thermus aquaticus, 34t
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC), 10-12,
268
Thin-layer chromatography with flame
ionization detection (TLC-FlD),
12f, 81, 265, 268-271, 284
Three-spined stickleback, 140
Thrombi, 161
Thunnus thunnus, 188t
Tiger prawn, 265-266
Tilapia, 147-148, 273t
Tocopherols, 94, 264
Total food hypothesis, 93, 99
Total lipid hypothesis, 94, 99, 104
Total lipids
in aquatic samples, 8-10
in water-surface microlayers and foam,
247-251
Toxaphene, 221
Trachelomonas vo/vocina, 102t
Triacylglycerols (TAG)
in algae, 23
in aquatic samples, 4, 5, 11-12
in benthic invertebrates, 109-113, 117121
in fish, 132-134, 186-187, 189, 193194,198
in food webs/chains, 164-165, 166,
170-171, 180-187, 189, 193-195,
198
in marine versus freshwater organisms,
265-272, 274, 277, 278-279,
283t. 284-285
peak splitting in, 11-12
structure of, 264f
in water-surface micro layers and foam,
248-251
in zooplankton, 71, 73, 75, 78-80, 91,
94-96,99,104-105, 180, 181186, 193-194
Triallate, 79, 210
Trifluralin, 206
Triglycerides
in fish, 147, 150, 152
organic contaminants and, 211
Triolein, 94-95
Tripalmitin, 5f
Trophic markers, 21-37; see also Fatty
acids, as trophic markers
Trophic transfer, 221
defined, 203-204
factors affecting, 219-220
mechanism for. 218-219
relevance to bioaccumulation, 215-216
Trout, 188t, 208
lake, 224
Tube worms, 282
Tubificidae, 116t, I 17 -118, 126
Tubilex tubifex, 117
Tullibee, 283t
Tuna, 188t
bonito, 287t
Turbot, 169. 188t
Turtles, 225
Tusk. 188t
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR), 80-81, 85
Van der Waals interactions, 238
Vaucheria, 25
Vertebrates, 32-36
Very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCF). 26
Visible lipid energy stores, 79-80
Vision, 81, 169, 176, 263
Index
Striped bass, 146, 149-150
Strongylocentrotus intermedius, 285
Structural lipids, 134, 137
Stylodrilus heringianus, 117, 126
Sulfolipids, 23
Sulfur-reducing bacteria, 30
Sunfish
blue gill, 140
redbreast. 151
Surface renewal model, 237-238, 254
Surfactant micelles, 238-240
Surfactants, 238-240, 24lt, 242, 252
Synechococcus, 25-26, 47
Synechococcus lividus, 28
Synura petersenii, 98, 10 I-I 02
Syracosphaera carte rae, 178t
Tannic acid, 151
Temperature
benthic invertebrates and, 110, 113,
124-125
fish and, 135-136, 147, 149-150, 189
food limitations and, 97
food webs/chains and, 169, 173-175,
189
of Great Lakes, 110
irradiance and, 59, 62-63, 66
marine versus freshwater organisms
and,279
zooplankton and, 83-84, 97
Tetrachlorobiphenyl,211
Tetrase/mis, 178t, 183-184
Textile mills, 151
Thermal adaptation, 288
Thermus aquaticus, 34t
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC), 10-12,
268
Thin-layer chromatography with flame
ionization detection (TLC-FlD),
12f, 81, 265, 268-271, 284
Three-spined stickleback, 140
Thrombi, 161
Thunnus thunnus, 188t
Tiger prawn, 265-266
Tilapia, 147-148, 273t
Tocopherols, 94, 264
Total food hypothesis, 93, 99
Total lipid hypothesis, 94, 99, 104
Total lipids
in aquatic samples, 8-10
in water-surface microlayers and foam,
247-251
Toxaphene, 221
Trachelomonas vo/vocina, 102t
Triacylglycerols (TAG)
in algae, 23
in aquatic samples, 4, 5, 11-12
in benthic invertebrates, 109-113, 117121
in fish, 132-134, 186-187, 189, 193194,198
in food webs/chains, 164-165, 166,
170-171, 180-187, 189, 193-195,
198
in marine versus freshwater organisms,
265-272, 274, 277, 278-279,
283t. 284-285
peak splitting in, 11-12
structure of, 264f
in water-surface micro layers and foam,
248-251
in zooplankton, 71, 73, 75, 78-80, 91,
94-96,99,104-105, 180, 181186, 193-194
Triallate, 79, 210
Trifluralin, 206
Triglycerides
in fish, 147, 150, 152
organic contaminants and, 211
Triolein, 94-95
Tripalmitin, 5f
Trophic markers, 21-37; see also Fatty
acids, as trophic markers
Trophic transfer, 221
defined, 203-204
factors affecting, 219-220
mechanism for. 218-219
relevance to bioaccumulation, 215-216
Trout, 188t, 208
lake, 224
Tube worms, 282
Tubificidae, 116t, I 17 -118, 126
Tubilex tubifex, 117
Tullibee, 283t
Tuna, 188t
bonito, 287t
Turbot, 169. 188t
Turtles, 225
Tusk. 188t
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR), 80-81, 85
Van der Waals interactions, 238
Vaucheria, 25
Vertebrates, 32-36
Very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCF). 26
Visible lipid energy stores, 79-80
Vision, 81, 169, 176, 263