Vitamin A, 94
Vitamin D, 94
Vitamin E, see Tocopherols
Walleye, 141-142
Water-surface microlayers, 235-240, 252255
basic physicochemistry of, 236-240
lipids in, 247-252
physicochemical processes at, 245247
research needs in, 252-254
in rice fields, 252
sampling techniques for, 242-245
Wax esters
in food webs/chains, 164-165, 180,
181f, 182, 195, 198
in marine versus freshwater organisms,
267-271,277-278
structure of, 264f
in water-surface microlayers and foam,
249
in zooplankton, 71, 73, 75, 80,91, 180,
181f, 182
White bass, 224
Whitefish, 208
lake, 283t
White perch, 136
White sucker, 151-152, 283t
Wild salmon, see Atlantic salmon
Winter, 59, 63-64, 66, 116
Winter flounder, 140, 142-143
Wolf-fish, 188t
Index
319
Xanthophyceae, 25
Yellow perch, 134-135, 137, 142
Yellowstone National Park, 27
Yellowtail rockfish, 141, 143
Yoldia hyperborea, 269
Zebra mussels, 269
organic contaminants and, 206, 220
seasonality and, 120-123, 126
Zooplankton, 71-86, 91-106, 270
algal diet of, 92, 96-102, 105
allelopathic compounds and feeding
deterrents of, 84-85
energy reserves in, 71-73
environmental stress and, 72-75, 78-80
fatty acids in, 28, 31, 33t, 80-81, 8385, 181-186,271,277
in food webs/chains, 82, 165, 172, 175176, 180-186, 193-194, 196-198
geographical disparities in, 82
lipid classes in, 267
lipid composition in, 180-181
lipid content in, 72-73, 180-181
lipid deposition/loss in, 73-77
maternal lipid investment in, 78-79
physicochemical disparities in, 82
ratio of storage to membrane lipids in,
78
research needs, 81-85
ultraviolet radiation and, 80-81, 85
see also Food limitations
Zostera marina. 248