377
Frothingham R, Hills HG, Wilson KH (1994) Extensive DNA sequence conservation throughout
the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. J Clin Microbiol 32:1639–1643
Ganz T, Selsted ME, Szklarek D, Harwig SS, Daher K, Bainton DF, Lehrer RI (1985) Defensins.
Natural peptide antibiotics of human neutrophils. J Clin Investig 76:1427–1435
Harder J, Schroder JM (2002) RNase 7, a novel innate immune defense antimicrobial protein of
healthy human skin. J Biol Chem 277:46779–46784
Huang YC, Lin YM, Chang TW, Wu SJ, Lee YS, Chang MD, Chen C, Wu SH, Liao YD (2007)
The flexible and clustered lysine residues of human ribonuclease 7 are critical for membrane
permeability and antimicrobial activity. J Biol Chem 282:4626–4633
Iwatsuki M, Uchida R, Takakusagi Y, Matsumoto A, Jiang CL, Takahashi Y, Arai M, Kobayashi
S, Matsumoto M, Inokoshi J, Tomoda H, Omura S (2007) Lariatins, novel anti- mycobacterial
peptides with a lasso structure, produced by Rhodococcus jostii K01-B0171. J Antibiot (Tokyo)
60:357–363
Jiang Z, Higgins MP, Whitehurst J, Kisich KO, Voskuil MI, Hodges RS (2011) Anti-tuberculosis
activity of alpha-helical antimicrobial peptides: de novo designed L- and D-enantiomers versus
L- and D-LL-37. Protein Pept Lett 18:241–252
Kalita A, Verma I, Khuller GK (2004) Role of human neutrophil peptide-1 as a possible adjunct to
antituberculosis chemotherapy. J Infect Dis 190:1476–1480
Khara JS, Priestman M, Uhia I, Hamilton MS, Krishnan N, Wang Y, Yang YY, Langford PR,
Newton SM, Robertson BD, Ee PL (2016) Unnatural amino acid analogues of membraneactive helical peptides with anti-mycobacterial activity and improved stability. J Antimicrob
Chemother 71:2181–2191
Kieffer AE, Goumon Y, Ruh O, Chasserot-Golaz S, Nullans G, Gasnier C, Aunis D, Metz-Boutigue
MH (2003) The N- and C-terminal fragments of ubiquitin are important for the antimicrobial
activities. FASEB J 17:776–778
Kisich KO, Heifets L, Higgins M, Diamond G (2001) Antimycobacterial agent based on
mRNA encoding human beta-defensin 2 enables primary macrophages to restrict growth of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infect Immun 69:2692–2699
Kolodkin-Gal I, Romero D, Cao S, Clardy J, Kolter R, Losick R (2010) D-amino acids trigger
biofilm disassembly. Science 328:627–629
Koten B, Simanski M, Glaser R, Podschun R, Schroder JM, Harder J (2009) RNase 7 contributes
to the cutaneous defense against Enterococcus faecium. PLoS One 4:e6424
Krensky AM, Clayberger C (2009) Biology and clinical relevance of granulysin. Tissue Antigens
73:193–198
Lawlor C, O'Connor G, O'Leary S, Gallagher PJ, Cryan SA, Keane J, O'Sullivan MP (2016)
Treatment of mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages with poly(lactic-co-glycolic
acid) microparticles drives NFkappaB and autophagy dependent bacillary killing. PLoS One
11:e0149167
Linch SN, Kelly AM, Danielson ET, Pero R, Lee JJ, Gold JA (2009) Mouse eosinophils possess
potent antibacterial properties in vivo. Infect Immun 77:4976–4982
Linde CM, Hoffner SE, Refai E, Andersson M (2001) In vitro activity of PR-39, a prolinearginine- rich peptide, against susceptible and multi-drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Antimicrob Chemother 47:575–580
Liu PT, Modlin RL (2008) Human macrophage host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Curr Opin Immunol 20:371–376
Liu PT, Stenger S, Tang DH, Modlin RL (2007) Cutting edge: vitamin D-mediated human antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is dependent on the induction of cathelicidin. J Immunol 179:2060–2063
Martineau AR, Wilkinson KA, Newton SM, Floto RA, Norman AW, Skolimowska K, Davidson
RN, Sorensen OE, Kampmann B, Griffiths CJ, Wilkinson RJ (2007) IFN-gamma- and TNFindependent vitamin D-inducible human suppression of mycobacteria: the role of cathelicidin
LL-37. J Immunol 178:7190–7198
15 Antimycobacterial Peptides
Frothingham R, Hills HG, Wilson KH (1994) Extensive DNA sequence conservation throughout
the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. J Clin Microbiol 32:1639–1643
Ganz T, Selsted ME, Szklarek D, Harwig SS, Daher K, Bainton DF, Lehrer RI (1985) Defensins.
Natural peptide antibiotics of human neutrophils. J Clin Investig 76:1427–1435
Harder J, Schroder JM (2002) RNase 7, a novel innate immune defense antimicrobial protein of
healthy human skin. J Biol Chem 277:46779–46784
Huang YC, Lin YM, Chang TW, Wu SJ, Lee YS, Chang MD, Chen C, Wu SH, Liao YD (2007)
The flexible and clustered lysine residues of human ribonuclease 7 are critical for membrane
permeability and antimicrobial activity. J Biol Chem 282:4626–4633
Iwatsuki M, Uchida R, Takakusagi Y, Matsumoto A, Jiang CL, Takahashi Y, Arai M, Kobayashi
S, Matsumoto M, Inokoshi J, Tomoda H, Omura S (2007) Lariatins, novel anti- mycobacterial
peptides with a lasso structure, produced by Rhodococcus jostii K01-B0171. J Antibiot (Tokyo)
60:357–363
Jiang Z, Higgins MP, Whitehurst J, Kisich KO, Voskuil MI, Hodges RS (2011) Anti-tuberculosis
activity of alpha-helical antimicrobial peptides: de novo designed L- and D-enantiomers versus
L- and D-LL-37. Protein Pept Lett 18:241–252
Kalita A, Verma I, Khuller GK (2004) Role of human neutrophil peptide-1 as a possible adjunct to
antituberculosis chemotherapy. J Infect Dis 190:1476–1480
Khara JS, Priestman M, Uhia I, Hamilton MS, Krishnan N, Wang Y, Yang YY, Langford PR,
Newton SM, Robertson BD, Ee PL (2016) Unnatural amino acid analogues of membraneactive helical peptides with anti-mycobacterial activity and improved stability. J Antimicrob
Chemother 71:2181–2191
Kieffer AE, Goumon Y, Ruh O, Chasserot-Golaz S, Nullans G, Gasnier C, Aunis D, Metz-Boutigue
MH (2003) The N- and C-terminal fragments of ubiquitin are important for the antimicrobial
activities. FASEB J 17:776–778
Kisich KO, Heifets L, Higgins M, Diamond G (2001) Antimycobacterial agent based on
mRNA encoding human beta-defensin 2 enables primary macrophages to restrict growth of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infect Immun 69:2692–2699
Kolodkin-Gal I, Romero D, Cao S, Clardy J, Kolter R, Losick R (2010) D-amino acids trigger
biofilm disassembly. Science 328:627–629
Koten B, Simanski M, Glaser R, Podschun R, Schroder JM, Harder J (2009) RNase 7 contributes
to the cutaneous defense against Enterococcus faecium. PLoS One 4:e6424
Krensky AM, Clayberger C (2009) Biology and clinical relevance of granulysin. Tissue Antigens
73:193–198
Lawlor C, O'Connor G, O'Leary S, Gallagher PJ, Cryan SA, Keane J, O'Sullivan MP (2016)
Treatment of mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages with poly(lactic-co-glycolic
acid) microparticles drives NFkappaB and autophagy dependent bacillary killing. PLoS One
11:e0149167
Linch SN, Kelly AM, Danielson ET, Pero R, Lee JJ, Gold JA (2009) Mouse eosinophils possess
potent antibacterial properties in vivo. Infect Immun 77:4976–4982
Linde CM, Hoffner SE, Refai E, Andersson M (2001) In vitro activity of PR-39, a prolinearginine- rich peptide, against susceptible and multi-drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Antimicrob Chemother 47:575–580
Liu PT, Modlin RL (2008) Human macrophage host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Curr Opin Immunol 20:371–376
Liu PT, Stenger S, Tang DH, Modlin RL (2007) Cutting edge: vitamin D-mediated human antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is dependent on the induction of cathelicidin. J Immunol 179:2060–2063
Martineau AR, Wilkinson KA, Newton SM, Floto RA, Norman AW, Skolimowska K, Davidson
RN, Sorensen OE, Kampmann B, Griffiths CJ, Wilkinson RJ (2007) IFN-gamma- and TNFindependent vitamin D-inducible human suppression of mycobacteria: the role of cathelicidin
LL-37. J Immunol 178:7190–7198
15 Antimycobacterial Peptides