161. Nissen-Meyer J, Håvarstein LS, Holo H, Sletten K, Nes IF (1993a) Association of the lactococcin A immunity factor with the cell membrane: purification and characterization
of the immunity factor. J Gen Microbiol 139 :1503–1509
162. Kok J, Venema K, Venema G (1995) Analysis of lactococcin secretion and immunity in
Lactococcus lactis. In: Ferretti JJ, Gilmore MS, Klaenhammer TR (eds) Genetics of
Streptococci, Enterococci and Lactococci. Karger, New York, pp 653–659
163. Peschel A, Götz F (1996) Analysis of the Staphylococcus epidermidis genes epiF, -E and
-G involved in epidermin immunity. J Bacteriol 178 : 531–536
164. Kerpolla RE, Shyamala VK, Klebba P, Ferro-Luzzi Ames G (1991) The membrane-bound
proteins of periplasmic permeases form a complex. J Biol Chem 266 : 9857–9865
165. Panagiotidis CH, Reyes M, Sievertsen A, Boos W, Shuman HA (1993) Characterization of
the structural requirements for assembly and nucleotide binding of an ATP-binding
cassette transporter. J Biol Chem 268 : 23685–23696
166. Froseth BR, Herman RE, McKay LL (1988) Cloning of nisin resistance determinant and
replication origin on 7.6-kilobase EcoRI fragment of pNP40 from Streptococcus lactis
subsp. diacetylactis DRC3. Appl Environ Microbiol 54 : 2136–2139
167. Froseth BR, McKay LL (1991) Molecular characterization of the nisin resistance region
of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis DRC3. Appl Environ Microbiol
57 : 804–811
168. Jarvis B, Farr J (1971) Partial purification, specificity and mechanism of action of the
nisin-inactivating enzyme from Bacillus cereus. Biochim Biophys Acta 227 : 232–240
169. Hansen JN (1993) The molecular biology of nisin and its structural analogues. In:
Hoover D, Steenson L (eds) Bacteriocins of Lactic Acid Bacteria. Academic Press, New
York, pp 93–120
170. Bouret RB, Borkovich KA, Simon MI (1991) Signal transduction pathways involving
protein phosphorylation in prokaryotes. Annu Rev Biochem 60 : 401–441
171. Parkinson JS, Kofoid EC (1992) Communication modules in bacterial signaling proteins.
Annu Rev Gen 26 : 71–112
172. Kleerebezem M, Quadri IE, Kuipers OP, de Vos WM (1997) Quorum sensing by peptide
pheromones and two-component signal-transductionsystems in Gram-positive bacteria. Mol Microbiol 24 : 895–904
173. Huo L, Martin KJ, Schleif R (1988) Alternative loops regulate the arabinose operon in
Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85 : 5444–5448
174. Igo MM, Losick R (1986) Regulation of a promoter that is utilized by minor forms of
RNA polymerase holoenzyme in Bacillus subtilis. J Mol Biol 191: 615 – 624
175. Martin K, Huo L, Schleifer RF (1986) The DNA loop model for ara repression: AraC
protein occupies the proposed loop sites in vivo and repression-negative mutations lie
in these same sites. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83 : 3654–3658
176. Ptashne M (1992) The genetic switch. Cell Press and Blackwell Scientific Publications,
Cambridge
177. Cara JH, Schleif RF (1993) Variation of half-site organization and DNA looping by AraC
protein. EMBO J 12 : 35–44
178. Coleman, Bown GS, Stormonth DA (1975) A model for the regulation of bacterial extracellular enzyme and toxin biosynthesis. J Theor Biol 52 :143–148
179. Janzon L, Löfdahl S, Arvidson S (1989) Identification and nucleotide sequence of the
delta-lysin gene, hld, adjacent to the accessory gene regulator (agr) of Staphylococcus
aureus. Mol Gen Genet 70 : 337–349
180. Janzon L, Arvidson S (1990) The role of the d-lysin gene (hld) in the regulation of
virulence genes by the accessory gene regulator (agr) in Staphylococcus aureus. EMBO J
9 :1391–1399
181. Ji G, Beavis RC, Novick RP (1995) Cell density control of Staphylococcal virulence
mediated by an octapeptide pheromone. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92 :12055–12059
182. Sanders DA, Koshland DE Jr (1988) Receptor interactions through phosphorylation
and methylation pathways in bacterial chemotaxis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85 : 8425–
8429
58
E. Sablon et al.
of the immunity factor. J Gen Microbiol 139 :1503–1509
162. Kok J, Venema K, Venema G (1995) Analysis of lactococcin secretion and immunity in
Lactococcus lactis. In: Ferretti JJ, Gilmore MS, Klaenhammer TR (eds) Genetics of
Streptococci, Enterococci and Lactococci. Karger, New York, pp 653–659
163. Peschel A, Götz F (1996) Analysis of the Staphylococcus epidermidis genes epiF, -E and
-G involved in epidermin immunity. J Bacteriol 178 : 531–536
164. Kerpolla RE, Shyamala VK, Klebba P, Ferro-Luzzi Ames G (1991) The membrane-bound
proteins of periplasmic permeases form a complex. J Biol Chem 266 : 9857–9865
165. Panagiotidis CH, Reyes M, Sievertsen A, Boos W, Shuman HA (1993) Characterization of
the structural requirements for assembly and nucleotide binding of an ATP-binding
cassette transporter. J Biol Chem 268 : 23685–23696
166. Froseth BR, Herman RE, McKay LL (1988) Cloning of nisin resistance determinant and
replication origin on 7.6-kilobase EcoRI fragment of pNP40 from Streptococcus lactis
subsp. diacetylactis DRC3. Appl Environ Microbiol 54 : 2136–2139
167. Froseth BR, McKay LL (1991) Molecular characterization of the nisin resistance region
of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis DRC3. Appl Environ Microbiol
57 : 804–811
168. Jarvis B, Farr J (1971) Partial purification, specificity and mechanism of action of the
nisin-inactivating enzyme from Bacillus cereus. Biochim Biophys Acta 227 : 232–240
169. Hansen JN (1993) The molecular biology of nisin and its structural analogues. In:
Hoover D, Steenson L (eds) Bacteriocins of Lactic Acid Bacteria. Academic Press, New
York, pp 93–120
170. Bouret RB, Borkovich KA, Simon MI (1991) Signal transduction pathways involving
protein phosphorylation in prokaryotes. Annu Rev Biochem 60 : 401–441
171. Parkinson JS, Kofoid EC (1992) Communication modules in bacterial signaling proteins.
Annu Rev Gen 26 : 71–112
172. Kleerebezem M, Quadri IE, Kuipers OP, de Vos WM (1997) Quorum sensing by peptide
pheromones and two-component signal-transductionsystems in Gram-positive bacteria. Mol Microbiol 24 : 895–904
173. Huo L, Martin KJ, Schleif R (1988) Alternative loops regulate the arabinose operon in
Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85 : 5444–5448
174. Igo MM, Losick R (1986) Regulation of a promoter that is utilized by minor forms of
RNA polymerase holoenzyme in Bacillus subtilis. J Mol Biol 191: 615 – 624
175. Martin K, Huo L, Schleifer RF (1986) The DNA loop model for ara repression: AraC
protein occupies the proposed loop sites in vivo and repression-negative mutations lie
in these same sites. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83 : 3654–3658
176. Ptashne M (1992) The genetic switch. Cell Press and Blackwell Scientific Publications,
Cambridge
177. Cara JH, Schleif RF (1993) Variation of half-site organization and DNA looping by AraC
protein. EMBO J 12 : 35–44
178. Coleman, Bown GS, Stormonth DA (1975) A model for the regulation of bacterial extracellular enzyme and toxin biosynthesis. J Theor Biol 52 :143–148
179. Janzon L, Löfdahl S, Arvidson S (1989) Identification and nucleotide sequence of the
delta-lysin gene, hld, adjacent to the accessory gene regulator (agr) of Staphylococcus
aureus. Mol Gen Genet 70 : 337–349
180. Janzon L, Arvidson S (1990) The role of the d-lysin gene (hld) in the regulation of
virulence genes by the accessory gene regulator (agr) in Staphylococcus aureus. EMBO J
9 :1391–1399
181. Ji G, Beavis RC, Novick RP (1995) Cell density control of Staphylococcal virulence
mediated by an octapeptide pheromone. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92 :12055–12059
182. Sanders DA, Koshland DE Jr (1988) Receptor interactions through phosphorylation
and methylation pathways in bacterial chemotaxis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85 : 8425–
8429
58
E. Sablon et al.