183. Sanders DA, Gillece-Castro BL, Stock AM, Burlington AL, Koshland DE Jr (1989)
Identification of the site of phosphorylation of the chemotaxis response regulator
protein. J Biol Chem 264 : 21770–21778
184. Kupke T, Gotz F (1996) post-translational modifications of lantibiotics. Antonie van
Leeuwenhoek 69 :139–150
185. Ingram LC (1970) A ribosomal mechanism for synthesis of peptides related to nisin.
Biochim Biophys Acta 224 : 263–265
186. Kellner J, Jung G, Josten M, Kaletta C, Entian K-D, Sahl H-G (1989) Pep5, a new lantibiotic: structure elucidation and amino acid sequence of the propeptide. Angew Chem
Int Ed Engl 28 : 616–619
187. van Kamp M, Horstink LM, van den Hooven HW, Konings RNH, Hilbers CW, Frey A, Sahl
H-G, Metzger JW, van de Ven FJM (1995) Sequence analysis by NMR spectroscopy of the
peptide lantibiotic epilancin K7 from Staphylococcus epidermidis K7. Eur J Biochem
227 : 757–771
188. Schnell N, Entian K-D, Götz F, Hörner T, Kellner R, Jung G (1989) Structural gene
isolation and prepeptide sequence of gallidermin, a new lanthionine containing antibiotic. FEMS Microbiol Lett 58 : 263–268
189. Kupke T, Stevanovic S, Sahl H-G, Götz F (1992) Purification and characterization of
EpiD, a flavoprotein involved in the biosynthesis of the lantibiotic epidermin. J Bacteriol
174 : 5354–5361
190. Augustin J, Rosenstein R, Wieland B, Schneider U, Schnell N, Engelke G, Entian K-D,
Gotz F (1992) Genetic analysis of epidermin biosynthetic genes and epidermin-negative
mutants of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Eur J Biochem 204 :1149–1154
191. Bishop L, Agbayani R, Ambudkar SV, Maloney PC, Ames GF-L (1989) Reconstitution
of a bacterial periplasmic permease in proteoliposomes and demonstration of
ATP hydrolysis concomitant with transport. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86 : 6953–
6957
192. Mimmack ML, Gallangher MP, Pearce SR, Hyde SC, Booth IR, Higgins CF (1989) Energy
coupling to periplasmic binding protein-dependent transport in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci
USA 86 : 8257–8261
193. Chang YF, Young R, Struck DK (1991) The Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia haemolysin
determinant: unlinked appCA and appBD loci flanked by pseudogenes. J Bacteriol
173 : 5151–5158
194. Juranka P, Zhang F, Kulpa J, Endicott J, Blight M, Holland IB, Ling V (1992)
Characterization of the haemolysin transporter, HlyB, using an epitope insertion. J Biol
Chem 267 : 3764–3770
195. Guthmiller JM, Kolodrubetz D, Cagle MP, Kraig E (1990) Sequence of the lktB gene from
Actinobacillus actinomycetecomitans. Nucl Acids Res 18 : 5291–5293
196. Glaser P, Sakamoto H, Bellalou J, Ullmann A, Danchin A (1988) Secretion of cyclolysin,
the calmodulin-sensitive adenylate cyclase-haemolysin bifunctional protein of
Bordetella pertussis. EMBO J 7 : 3997–4004
197. Felmlee T, Pellett S, Lee E-Y, Welch RA (1985) Escherichia coli haemolysin is released
extracellularly without cleavage of a signal peptide. J Bacteriol 163 : 88–93
198. Wandersmann C (1992) Secretion across the bacterial outer membrane. Trends Genet
8 : 317–322
199. Ross KF, Ronson CW, Tagg JR (1993) Isolation and characterization of the lantibiotic
salivaricin A and its structural gene salA from Streptococcus salivarius 20P3. Appl
Environ Microbiol 59 : 2014–2021
200. Dinh T, Paulsen IT, Saier MH (1994) A family of extracytoplasmic proteins that allow
transport of large molecules across the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria. J
Bacteriol 176 : 3825–3831
201. Skvirsky RC, Shoba R, Xiaoyu S (1995) Topology analysis of the colicin V export protein
CvaA in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 177 : 6153–6159
202. Schulein R, Gentschev I, Mollenkopf H-J, Goebel W (1992) A topological model for the
haemolysin translocator protein HlyD. Mol Gen Genet 234 :155–163
Antimicrobial Peptides of Lactic Acid Bacteria: Mode of Action, Genetics and Biosynthesis
59
Identification of the site of phosphorylation of the chemotaxis response regulator
protein. J Biol Chem 264 : 21770–21778
184. Kupke T, Gotz F (1996) post-translational modifications of lantibiotics. Antonie van
Leeuwenhoek 69 :139–150
185. Ingram LC (1970) A ribosomal mechanism for synthesis of peptides related to nisin.
Biochim Biophys Acta 224 : 263–265
186. Kellner J, Jung G, Josten M, Kaletta C, Entian K-D, Sahl H-G (1989) Pep5, a new lantibiotic: structure elucidation and amino acid sequence of the propeptide. Angew Chem
Int Ed Engl 28 : 616–619
187. van Kamp M, Horstink LM, van den Hooven HW, Konings RNH, Hilbers CW, Frey A, Sahl
H-G, Metzger JW, van de Ven FJM (1995) Sequence analysis by NMR spectroscopy of the
peptide lantibiotic epilancin K7 from Staphylococcus epidermidis K7. Eur J Biochem
227 : 757–771
188. Schnell N, Entian K-D, Götz F, Hörner T, Kellner R, Jung G (1989) Structural gene
isolation and prepeptide sequence of gallidermin, a new lanthionine containing antibiotic. FEMS Microbiol Lett 58 : 263–268
189. Kupke T, Stevanovic S, Sahl H-G, Götz F (1992) Purification and characterization of
EpiD, a flavoprotein involved in the biosynthesis of the lantibiotic epidermin. J Bacteriol
174 : 5354–5361
190. Augustin J, Rosenstein R, Wieland B, Schneider U, Schnell N, Engelke G, Entian K-D,
Gotz F (1992) Genetic analysis of epidermin biosynthetic genes and epidermin-negative
mutants of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Eur J Biochem 204 :1149–1154
191. Bishop L, Agbayani R, Ambudkar SV, Maloney PC, Ames GF-L (1989) Reconstitution
of a bacterial periplasmic permease in proteoliposomes and demonstration of
ATP hydrolysis concomitant with transport. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86 : 6953–
6957
192. Mimmack ML, Gallangher MP, Pearce SR, Hyde SC, Booth IR, Higgins CF (1989) Energy
coupling to periplasmic binding protein-dependent transport in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci
USA 86 : 8257–8261
193. Chang YF, Young R, Struck DK (1991) The Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia haemolysin
determinant: unlinked appCA and appBD loci flanked by pseudogenes. J Bacteriol
173 : 5151–5158
194. Juranka P, Zhang F, Kulpa J, Endicott J, Blight M, Holland IB, Ling V (1992)
Characterization of the haemolysin transporter, HlyB, using an epitope insertion. J Biol
Chem 267 : 3764–3770
195. Guthmiller JM, Kolodrubetz D, Cagle MP, Kraig E (1990) Sequence of the lktB gene from
Actinobacillus actinomycetecomitans. Nucl Acids Res 18 : 5291–5293
196. Glaser P, Sakamoto H, Bellalou J, Ullmann A, Danchin A (1988) Secretion of cyclolysin,
the calmodulin-sensitive adenylate cyclase-haemolysin bifunctional protein of
Bordetella pertussis. EMBO J 7 : 3997–4004
197. Felmlee T, Pellett S, Lee E-Y, Welch RA (1985) Escherichia coli haemolysin is released
extracellularly without cleavage of a signal peptide. J Bacteriol 163 : 88–93
198. Wandersmann C (1992) Secretion across the bacterial outer membrane. Trends Genet
8 : 317–322
199. Ross KF, Ronson CW, Tagg JR (1993) Isolation and characterization of the lantibiotic
salivaricin A and its structural gene salA from Streptococcus salivarius 20P3. Appl
Environ Microbiol 59 : 2014–2021
200. Dinh T, Paulsen IT, Saier MH (1994) A family of extracytoplasmic proteins that allow
transport of large molecules across the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria. J
Bacteriol 176 : 3825–3831
201. Skvirsky RC, Shoba R, Xiaoyu S (1995) Topology analysis of the colicin V export protein
CvaA in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 177 : 6153–6159
202. Schulein R, Gentschev I, Mollenkopf H-J, Goebel W (1992) A topological model for the
haemolysin translocator protein HlyD. Mol Gen Genet 234 :155–163
Antimicrobial Peptides of Lactic Acid Bacteria: Mode of Action, Genetics and Biosynthesis
59