82. Sahl H-G, Jack RW, Bierbaum G (1995) Biosynthesis and biological activities of lantibiotics with unique post-translational modifications. Eur J Biochem 230 : 827–833
83. Mulders JW, Boerrigter LJ, Rollema HS, Siezen RJ, De Vos WM (1991) Identification and
characterization of the lantibiotic nisin Z, a natural nisin variant. Eur J Biochem
201: 581–584
84. Banerjee S, Hansen JN (1988) Structure and expression of a gene encoding the precursor
of subtilin, a small protein antibiotic. J Biol Chem 263 : 9508–9514
85. Reis M, Sahl H-G (1991) Genetic analysis of the producer self-protection mechanism
(‘immunity’) against Pep5. In: Jung G, Sahl H-G (eds) Nisin and Novel Lantibiotics.
ESCOM, Leiden, pp 320–331
86. Chung YJ, Steen MT, Hansen JN (1992) The subtilin gene of Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633
is encoded in an operon that contains a homologue of the hemolysin B transport
protein. J Bacteriol 174 :1417–1422
87. Klein C, Kaletta C, Schnell N, Entian K-D (1992) Analysis of genes involved in the
biosynthesis of the lantibiotic subtilin. Appl Environ Microbiol 58 :132–142
88. Schnell N, Engelke G, Augustin J, Rosenstein R, Ungermann V, Götz F, Entian K-D (1992)
Analysis of genes involved in the biosynthesis of the lantibiotic epidermin. Eur J
Biochem 204 : 57–68
89. Klein C, Kaletta C, Entian K-D (1993) Biosynthesis of the lantibiotic subtilin is regulated
by a histidine kinase/response regulator system. Appl Environ Microbiol 59 : 296–303
90. Schnell N, Entian K-D, Schneider U, Götz F, Zähner H, Kellner R, Jung G (1988)
Prepeptide sequence of epidermin, a ribosomally synthesized antibiotic with four
sulphide-rings. Nature 333 : 276–278
91. Steen MT, Chung YJ, Hansen JN (1991) Characterization of the nisin gene as a part of a
polycistronic operon in the chromosome of Lactococcus lactis ATCC 11454. Appl
Environ Microbiol 57 :1181–1188
92. Kuipers OP, Beerthuyzen MM, Siezen JR, De Vos W (1993) Characterization of the nisin
gene cluster nisABTCIPR of Lactococcus lactis. Requirement of expression of the nisA
and nisI genes for development of nisin immunity. Eur J Biochem 216 : 281–291
93. Siezen RJ, Kuipers OP, de Vos WM (1996) Comparison of lantibiotics geneclu sters and
encoded proteins. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 69 :171–184
94. Gasson MJ (1984) Transfer of sucrose fermenting ability, nisin resistance and nisin
production in Streptococcus lactis 712. FEMS Microbiol Lett 21: 7–10
95. Dodd HM, Horn N, Gasson MJ (1990) Analysis of the genetic determinant for production of the petpide antibiotic nisin. J Gen Microbiol 136 : 555–566
96. Rodriguez JM, Dodd HM (1996) Genetic determinants for the biosynthesis of nisin, a
bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus lactis. Microbiologia SEM 12 : 61–74
97. Rauch PJG, De Vos WM (1992) Characterization of the novel nisin-sucrose conjugative
transposon Tn5276 and its insertion in Lactococcus lactis. J Bacteriol 174 :1280–1287
98. Rauch PJG, De Vos WM (1994) Identification and characterization of the genes involved
in excision of the Lactococcus lactis conjugative transposon Tn5276. J Bacteriol
176 : 2165–2171
99. Poyart-Salmeron C, Trieu-Cuot P, Carlier C, Courvalin P (1989) Molecular characterization of two proteins involved in the excision of the conjugative transposon Tn1545: homologies with other site-specific recombinases. EMBO J 8 : 2425–2433
100. Engelke G, Gutowski-Eckel Z, Hammelmann M, Entian K-D (1992) Biosynthesis of the
lantibiotic nisin: genomic organization and membrane localization of the NisB protein.
Appl Environ Microbiol 58 : 3730–3743
101. van der Meer FR, Polman J, Beerthuyzen MM, Siezen RJ, Kuipers OP, De Vos W (1993)
Characterization of the Lactococcus lactis nisin A operon genes nisP, encoding a
subtilisin-like serine protease involved in precursor processing and nisR, encoding a
regulatory protein involved in nisin biosynthesis. J Bacteriol 174 : 2152–2159
102. van der Meer FR, Rollema HS, Siezen RJ, Beerthuyzen MM, Kuipers OP, De Vos WM
(1994) Influence of amino acid substitutions in the nisin leader peptide on biosynthesis
and secretion of nisin by Lactococcus lactis. J Biol Chem 269 : 3555–3562
54
E. Sablon et al.
83. Mulders JW, Boerrigter LJ, Rollema HS, Siezen RJ, De Vos WM (1991) Identification and
characterization of the lantibiotic nisin Z, a natural nisin variant. Eur J Biochem
201: 581–584
84. Banerjee S, Hansen JN (1988) Structure and expression of a gene encoding the precursor
of subtilin, a small protein antibiotic. J Biol Chem 263 : 9508–9514
85. Reis M, Sahl H-G (1991) Genetic analysis of the producer self-protection mechanism
(‘immunity’) against Pep5. In: Jung G, Sahl H-G (eds) Nisin and Novel Lantibiotics.
ESCOM, Leiden, pp 320–331
86. Chung YJ, Steen MT, Hansen JN (1992) The subtilin gene of Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633
is encoded in an operon that contains a homologue of the hemolysin B transport
protein. J Bacteriol 174 :1417–1422
87. Klein C, Kaletta C, Schnell N, Entian K-D (1992) Analysis of genes involved in the
biosynthesis of the lantibiotic subtilin. Appl Environ Microbiol 58 :132–142
88. Schnell N, Engelke G, Augustin J, Rosenstein R, Ungermann V, Götz F, Entian K-D (1992)
Analysis of genes involved in the biosynthesis of the lantibiotic epidermin. Eur J
Biochem 204 : 57–68
89. Klein C, Kaletta C, Entian K-D (1993) Biosynthesis of the lantibiotic subtilin is regulated
by a histidine kinase/response regulator system. Appl Environ Microbiol 59 : 296–303
90. Schnell N, Entian K-D, Schneider U, Götz F, Zähner H, Kellner R, Jung G (1988)
Prepeptide sequence of epidermin, a ribosomally synthesized antibiotic with four
sulphide-rings. Nature 333 : 276–278
91. Steen MT, Chung YJ, Hansen JN (1991) Characterization of the nisin gene as a part of a
polycistronic operon in the chromosome of Lactococcus lactis ATCC 11454. Appl
Environ Microbiol 57 :1181–1188
92. Kuipers OP, Beerthuyzen MM, Siezen JR, De Vos W (1993) Characterization of the nisin
gene cluster nisABTCIPR of Lactococcus lactis. Requirement of expression of the nisA
and nisI genes for development of nisin immunity. Eur J Biochem 216 : 281–291
93. Siezen RJ, Kuipers OP, de Vos WM (1996) Comparison of lantibiotics geneclu sters and
encoded proteins. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 69 :171–184
94. Gasson MJ (1984) Transfer of sucrose fermenting ability, nisin resistance and nisin
production in Streptococcus lactis 712. FEMS Microbiol Lett 21: 7–10
95. Dodd HM, Horn N, Gasson MJ (1990) Analysis of the genetic determinant for production of the petpide antibiotic nisin. J Gen Microbiol 136 : 555–566
96. Rodriguez JM, Dodd HM (1996) Genetic determinants for the biosynthesis of nisin, a
bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus lactis. Microbiologia SEM 12 : 61–74
97. Rauch PJG, De Vos WM (1992) Characterization of the novel nisin-sucrose conjugative
transposon Tn5276 and its insertion in Lactococcus lactis. J Bacteriol 174 :1280–1287
98. Rauch PJG, De Vos WM (1994) Identification and characterization of the genes involved
in excision of the Lactococcus lactis conjugative transposon Tn5276. J Bacteriol
176 : 2165–2171
99. Poyart-Salmeron C, Trieu-Cuot P, Carlier C, Courvalin P (1989) Molecular characterization of two proteins involved in the excision of the conjugative transposon Tn1545: homologies with other site-specific recombinases. EMBO J 8 : 2425–2433
100. Engelke G, Gutowski-Eckel Z, Hammelmann M, Entian K-D (1992) Biosynthesis of the
lantibiotic nisin: genomic organization and membrane localization of the NisB protein.
Appl Environ Microbiol 58 : 3730–3743
101. van der Meer FR, Polman J, Beerthuyzen MM, Siezen RJ, Kuipers OP, De Vos W (1993)
Characterization of the Lactococcus lactis nisin A operon genes nisP, encoding a
subtilisin-like serine protease involved in precursor processing and nisR, encoding a
regulatory protein involved in nisin biosynthesis. J Bacteriol 174 : 2152–2159
102. van der Meer FR, Rollema HS, Siezen RJ, Beerthuyzen MM, Kuipers OP, De Vos WM
(1994) Influence of amino acid substitutions in the nisin leader peptide on biosynthesis
and secretion of nisin by Lactococcus lactis. J Biol Chem 269 : 3555–3562
54
E. Sablon et al.