Index
317
Niche, 120, 246; see also Habitat
suitability
Normal distribution, 29, 66, 69, 87–91,
103, 135, 278, 279
NP-Complete, 296
Null hypothesis, 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, 12–14, 22
p value, 3, 4, 5, 48, 50
Objective function, 34, 297, 304
Objectivity, 28, 34, 74, 88
Observation; see also Sighting rate
Optimization techniques, 29, 42, 96, 101,
111, 149, 265, 266, 267, 291–305
suboptimal, 294, 296, 297, 304
Parameter estimation, see Data; Variable,
selection
Persistence, 265
population, 28, 73, 101, 102, 111, 133,
141, 144, 158, 170, 173, 176, 188,
193, 196, 199, 200, 227, 231, 282,
283
self-sustaining, 73, 136, 139, 175,
179, 182, 226
species, 30, 34, 40, 112, 114, 228, 243
Physiology, modeling, 189, 190, 191, 192,
196, 197, 228, 229, 246
Planning, see Management
Poisson distribution, 2, 3, 8, 10, 29, 42,
175
Policy, 96, 115, 145, 291
Code of Practice, 62, 82
exotic species introduction, 61–65, 74,
77, 78, 80, 81, 82
plants/pests, 77–83, 85, 87, 90, 93
legislation for protecting species, 8, 22,
25, 27, 30, 39, 63, 120, 123, 127,
169, 227; see also Endangered
Species Act
aquatic resources, 96, 102, 104, 114,
115, 118, 119, 120
endangered species, 27, 127, 163
Population, see also Abundance; Model,
population growth; Persistence;
PVA
change, 102, 103, 105, 106, 115, 120,
127–145, 152, 154 –165, 170–185,
200–219, 245, 260–269; see also
Demographic pattern, stochasticity;
Matrix models for population
growth; Model, population growth;
PVA; Recovery
detecting change, 1, 3– 4, 7–23, 121,
135, 136, 163, 182, 191, 218
expected trend, 131, 133–144, 148,
159, 180, 188, 199, 204 –217, 276
exponential growth, 2, 101, 133, 148,
152, 204
fluctuations, 71, 115, 122, 128, 145,
149, 154, 156–159, 165, 175–181,
188–196, 242, 243, 262, 264,
275–279, 283, 303
magnitude of change, 13, 138, 163,
180, 183, 275, 278, 285, 286, 287
recent trend, 101, 136, 138, 139, 141,
201, 204, 205, 214, 217, 232, 282
decline, 3– 4, 7, 10, 20, 27, 60, 97, 101,
107, 109, 116, 127, 128, 138, 139,
156–164, 175–178, 191, 193, 208,
229–233, 241, 243, 245, 274 –288;
see also Extinction; Harvesting,
overharvesting; Sighting rate
density, 31, 40, 70, 112
dynamics, 40, 159, 274, 275, 282, 288
modelingmodeling, 10, 36, 39, 74,
101, 103, 120, 132, 145, 148–165,
190–192, 196, 197, 202–219, 242,
260, 288, 301; see also Model, assumptions, population dynamics
intrinsic rate of increase, 148, 149, 153,
154, 155, 160, 275, 276, 278, 285,
286, 287, 288
size, 136, 138, 152, 178, 188; see also
Abundance; Equilibrium; Model,
population growth
effect on sighting rate, 1, 3, 10, 97,
107; see also Sighting rate
as a variable, 112, 188–190, 201–
217, 223, 276–286
equalization of family sizes, 263, 266
extinction risk, 1, 7, 19, 20, 28, 31,
117, 122, 152, 173, 179, 204 –216,
227, 228, 230, 245, 259, 260, 265,
267, 274 –288
structure, 20, 100, 119–122, 148, 155,
159, 161, 189, 193, 196, 241, 267;
see also Age; Sex ratio; Stage
structure, spatial, 40, 114, 117, 120,
123, 218, 241, 243, 244, 245; see
also Habitat, fragmented, population isolation
modeling, 50, 51, 67, 68, 69, 116,
171–179, 183, 184, 188–197, 201,
214, 303
viable size, 8, 28, 31, 32, 73, 96, 101–
107, 111–114, 136, 139, 141, 143,
175, 179, 182, 199–201, 223,
226–241, 260, 264 –276, 287, 293
317
Niche, 120, 246; see also Habitat
suitability
Normal distribution, 29, 66, 69, 87–91,
103, 135, 278, 279
NP-Complete, 296
Null hypothesis, 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, 12–14, 22
p value, 3, 4, 5, 48, 50
Objective function, 34, 297, 304
Objectivity, 28, 34, 74, 88
Observation; see also Sighting rate
Optimization techniques, 29, 42, 96, 101,
111, 149, 265, 266, 267, 291–305
suboptimal, 294, 296, 297, 304
Parameter estimation, see Data; Variable,
selection
Persistence, 265
population, 28, 73, 101, 102, 111, 133,
141, 144, 158, 170, 173, 176, 188,
193, 196, 199, 200, 227, 231, 282,
283
self-sustaining, 73, 136, 139, 175,
179, 182, 226
species, 30, 34, 40, 112, 114, 228, 243
Physiology, modeling, 189, 190, 191, 192,
196, 197, 228, 229, 246
Planning, see Management
Poisson distribution, 2, 3, 8, 10, 29, 42,
175
Policy, 96, 115, 145, 291
Code of Practice, 62, 82
exotic species introduction, 61–65, 74,
77, 78, 80, 81, 82
plants/pests, 77–83, 85, 87, 90, 93
legislation for protecting species, 8, 22,
25, 27, 30, 39, 63, 120, 123, 127,
169, 227; see also Endangered
Species Act
aquatic resources, 96, 102, 104, 114,
115, 118, 119, 120
endangered species, 27, 127, 163
Population, see also Abundance; Model,
population growth; Persistence;
PVA
change, 102, 103, 105, 106, 115, 120,
127–145, 152, 154 –165, 170–185,
200–219, 245, 260–269; see also
Demographic pattern, stochasticity;
Matrix models for population
growth; Model, population growth;
PVA; Recovery
detecting change, 1, 3– 4, 7–23, 121,
135, 136, 163, 182, 191, 218
expected trend, 131, 133–144, 148,
159, 180, 188, 199, 204 –217, 276
exponential growth, 2, 101, 133, 148,
152, 204
fluctuations, 71, 115, 122, 128, 145,
149, 154, 156–159, 165, 175–181,
188–196, 242, 243, 262, 264,
275–279, 283, 303
magnitude of change, 13, 138, 163,
180, 183, 275, 278, 285, 286, 287
recent trend, 101, 136, 138, 139, 141,
201, 204, 205, 214, 217, 232, 282
decline, 3– 4, 7, 10, 20, 27, 60, 97, 101,
107, 109, 116, 127, 128, 138, 139,
156–164, 175–178, 191, 193, 208,
229–233, 241, 243, 245, 274 –288;
see also Extinction; Harvesting,
overharvesting; Sighting rate
density, 31, 40, 70, 112
dynamics, 40, 159, 274, 275, 282, 288
modelingmodeling, 10, 36, 39, 74,
101, 103, 120, 132, 145, 148–165,
190–192, 196, 197, 202–219, 242,
260, 288, 301; see also Model, assumptions, population dynamics
intrinsic rate of increase, 148, 149, 153,
154, 155, 160, 275, 276, 278, 285,
286, 287, 288
size, 136, 138, 152, 178, 188; see also
Abundance; Equilibrium; Model,
population growth
effect on sighting rate, 1, 3, 10, 97,
107; see also Sighting rate
as a variable, 112, 188–190, 201–
217, 223, 276–286
equalization of family sizes, 263, 266
extinction risk, 1, 7, 19, 20, 28, 31,
117, 122, 152, 173, 179, 204 –216,
227, 228, 230, 245, 259, 260, 265,
267, 274 –288
structure, 20, 100, 119–122, 148, 155,
159, 161, 189, 193, 196, 241, 267;
see also Age; Sex ratio; Stage
structure, spatial, 40, 114, 117, 120,
123, 218, 241, 243, 244, 245; see
also Habitat, fragmented, population isolation
modeling, 50, 51, 67, 68, 69, 116,
171–179, 183, 184, 188–197, 201,
214, 303
viable size, 8, 28, 31, 32, 73, 96, 101–
107, 111–114, 136, 139, 141, 143,
175, 179, 182, 199–201, 223,
226–241, 260, 264 –276, 287, 293