314
Index
Management (continued)
simulated annealing, 297–304
trade-offs, 39, 100, 139, 141, 158,
164, 291, 292, 299, 303
decisions, 22, 49, 64, 74, 84, 87, 127,
128, 129, 132, 157; see also
Categories of threat, assessment;
Decision; Management, comparing
options; Management, priorities;
Policy; Regulation
“known locations,” 39
belief network, 129–145
conservative options, 104, 111, 112,
114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 139
considering uncertainty, 93, 96–107,
111, 112, 118, 123, 127, 128, 141,
144, 164, 292, 301–304
ecological considerations, 21, 28, 37,
39, 88, 116, 118, 119, 122, 123,
128, 144, 197, 241, 292, 298, 303,
304
risk-based, 27–30, 37, 39, 61, 77–93,
100, 102, 109, 111, 113, 127–145,
148; see also Risk analysis
scale, 43, 45, 50, 51, 54, 63, 64, 169,
185
limitations, 1, 8, 30, 77, 87, 96, 115–
123, 128, 129, 156, 158, 164, 231,
259, 261, 269, 292, 294, 297, 298,
301
data limitations, 29, 39, 45, 53, 96,
107, 111, 116, 117, 118, 127, 145,
148, 160, 241; see also Data,
limitations
inappropriate method, 28, 80, 107,
111, 117, 141, 149, 242, 243, 244,
265, 268, 303
priorities, 101, 102, 115, 165; see also
Management, decisions
allocating limited resources, 28, 64,
74, 148–164, 245, 291, 303, 304,
305
commercial factors, 59, 101, 107,
111, 122, 265, 268, 291, 292, 298,
303, 304; see also Economics, cost
of management
factors for setting priorities, 7, 8, 19–
26, 28, 29, 35, 74, 101, 102, 123,
157, 163, 165, 185, 228, 238, 239,
243, 261, 269
maintaining biodiversity, 21, 23, 39,
74, 102, 111, 119, 128, 148–165,
196, 226, 230–233, 242–246, 259,
261, 266, 291–305
minimizing extinction risk, 20, 23,
27, 35, 54, 96, 101–107, 111, 112,
114, 139, 148–165, 185, 199, 240,
241, 245, 294
robust, 28, 32, 103, 106, 111, 114, 116,
123, 127, 144, 302, 304; see also
Objectivity; Transparency
feasibility, 29, 59, 63, 64, 112, 156,
164, 301
time frame, 7, 62, 63, 77, 123, 164,
182, 263, 304; see also Risk analysis, time frame
annual, 60, 78, 111, 114, 160
long term, 54, 61, 64, 73, 74, 82,
118, 123, 138, 182, 184, 199, 232,
298, 303
short term, 60, 63, 73, 82, 96, 101,
127, 148, 182, 232, 264, 301, 304
Marine ecosystem, 30, 62, 66, 77, 96, 97,
100, 101, 102, 107, 109–124, 148,
231
Antarctic, 110, 111, 114, 115, 118, 119,
120, 121, 122
Arctic, 110, 114
Atlantic, 4, 62, 63, 110, 114 –117
Pacific, 59–74, 110, 114, 115, 117
Marine Mammal Protection Act, 96, 102,
104
Markov chain, 201, 202, 205, 212, 215,
218, 223
Matrix models for population growth, 49,
188–197, 200; see also Model,
population growth, individualbased
conditional probability, 128, 130, 131,
132, 137, 201–207, 214, 217,
223
deterministic, 148–154, 164, 174, 177,
208, 215, 216, 217
development, 130, 145, 148–165, 171–
180
elasticity, 154 –165
highlight significant variables, 148–
165, 171, 180, 217, 218
λ (population increase), 148, 153, 157–
160, 177, 179, 182
Lefkovitch, 152
Leslie, 150–154, 159, 188, 207, 208,
209, 211, 216, 217
link, 130, 131, 132, 136, 137, 141, 144,
145
matrix multiplication, 155, 161, 177,
224
projection, 157, 161
Index
Management (continued)
simulated annealing, 297–304
trade-offs, 39, 100, 139, 141, 158,
164, 291, 292, 299, 303
decisions, 22, 49, 64, 74, 84, 87, 127,
128, 129, 132, 157; see also
Categories of threat, assessment;
Decision; Management, comparing
options; Management, priorities;
Policy; Regulation
“known locations,” 39
belief network, 129–145
conservative options, 104, 111, 112,
114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 139
considering uncertainty, 93, 96–107,
111, 112, 118, 123, 127, 128, 141,
144, 164, 292, 301–304
ecological considerations, 21, 28, 37,
39, 88, 116, 118, 119, 122, 123,
128, 144, 197, 241, 292, 298, 303,
304
risk-based, 27–30, 37, 39, 61, 77–93,
100, 102, 109, 111, 113, 127–145,
148; see also Risk analysis
scale, 43, 45, 50, 51, 54, 63, 64, 169,
185
limitations, 1, 8, 30, 77, 87, 96, 115–
123, 128, 129, 156, 158, 164, 231,
259, 261, 269, 292, 294, 297, 298,
301
data limitations, 29, 39, 45, 53, 96,
107, 111, 116, 117, 118, 127, 145,
148, 160, 241; see also Data,
limitations
inappropriate method, 28, 80, 107,
111, 117, 141, 149, 242, 243, 244,
265, 268, 303
priorities, 101, 102, 115, 165; see also
Management, decisions
allocating limited resources, 28, 64,
74, 148–164, 245, 291, 303, 304,
305
commercial factors, 59, 101, 107,
111, 122, 265, 268, 291, 292, 298,
303, 304; see also Economics, cost
of management
factors for setting priorities, 7, 8, 19–
26, 28, 29, 35, 74, 101, 102, 123,
157, 163, 165, 185, 228, 238, 239,
243, 261, 269
maintaining biodiversity, 21, 23, 39,
74, 102, 111, 119, 128, 148–165,
196, 226, 230–233, 242–246, 259,
261, 266, 291–305
minimizing extinction risk, 20, 23,
27, 35, 54, 96, 101–107, 111, 112,
114, 139, 148–165, 185, 199, 240,
241, 245, 294
robust, 28, 32, 103, 106, 111, 114, 116,
123, 127, 144, 302, 304; see also
Objectivity; Transparency
feasibility, 29, 59, 63, 64, 112, 156,
164, 301
time frame, 7, 62, 63, 77, 123, 164,
182, 263, 304; see also Risk analysis, time frame
annual, 60, 78, 111, 114, 160
long term, 54, 61, 64, 73, 74, 82,
118, 123, 138, 182, 184, 199, 232,
298, 303
short term, 60, 63, 73, 82, 96, 101,
127, 148, 182, 232, 264, 301, 304
Marine ecosystem, 30, 62, 66, 77, 96, 97,
100, 101, 102, 107, 109–124, 148,
231
Antarctic, 110, 111, 114, 115, 118, 119,
120, 121, 122
Arctic, 110, 114
Atlantic, 4, 62, 63, 110, 114 –117
Pacific, 59–74, 110, 114, 115, 117
Marine Mammal Protection Act, 96, 102,
104
Markov chain, 201, 202, 205, 212, 215,
218, 223
Matrix models for population growth, 49,
188–197, 200; see also Model,
population growth, individualbased
conditional probability, 128, 130, 131,
132, 137, 201–207, 214, 217,
223
deterministic, 148–154, 164, 174, 177,
208, 215, 216, 217
development, 130, 145, 148–165, 171–
180
elasticity, 154 –165
highlight significant variables, 148–
165, 171, 180, 217, 218
λ (population increase), 148, 153, 157–
160, 177, 179, 182
Lefkovitch, 152
Leslie, 150–154, 159, 188, 207, 208,
209, 211, 216, 217
link, 130, 131, 132, 136, 137, 141, 144,
145
matrix multiplication, 155, 161, 177,
224
projection, 157, 161