compaction flow 670
hydrodynamic dispersion 676
meteoric water, leaching 670
13.20, 13.23a
molecular diffusion (also s.
diffusion) 673-674, 13.17,
13.18
phreatic, vadose zone 13.23a
Songliao Basin, China, oil 715,
14.8
South America (also s. Andes)
backarc, retro-foreland basins
600
forearc basins 595
intra-arc, intramontane basins
622
South Atlantic, rifting 12.1 c
South Pyreneen foredeep (also s.
Ebro basin) 621
Southeast basin, France 642
spilites 74
spreading troughs s. Guaymas basin
stable isotopes
in evaporites 278
in carbonate diagenesis 700
storms and storm action 99, 3.4a
combined flow 100, 3.4b
geostrophic currents 100
storm deposits (tempestites) 103108,3.4ed-3.8
amalgamation 102,3.5b
bed forms, sedimentary
structures 100, 102, 3.5
bypass model 107,3.8b
faunal characteristics,
ichnofacies 102-103, 3. 7
flat pebble conglomerates 102,
104,3.7c
hummocky cross-stratification
100-102, 3.4c
lag deposits 102
mud tempestites 102. 3.5d
proximal-distal trends 107, 3.5e
tempestite sequences 107, 3.8
tempestites in basin analysis
108,3.8
storm-dominated seas 127, 3.20d
stratigraphic correlation s. cyclic
sequences
stratigraphic gaps 10.2a
in deep-sea sediments 236-238
in depositional sequences s.
sequence stratigraphy
stretching, crustal 389,400
stretching factor 8.8
strike-slip basins (also s.
pull-apart basins) 6, 1.4
stromatolites 116, 3.15
stylolites s. pressure solution
subduction complexes (also s.
accretionary wedges, deepsea trenches)
sediment loss, tectonic erosion 538-539, 11.35
subduction-related basins 6, 1.2
submarine canyons 214,218,
229-231
submarine ridges and plateaus
207,567,5.10b
bank top sediments 207-208
subsidence (s. stretching) 389-413
crustal flexure by loading 390392,402,8.3,8.10
influence of rifting time and
lateral heat transfer 401-403,
8.9-8.ll
initial subsidence 389-390, 8.2,
8.8
isostasy (Airy model) 387-388, 8.1
mineral phase change 393
rift zones (McKenzie model) 400,
8.8
sediment-ftlled basins 389-390,
8.8,
8.ll
tectonic, thermo-tectonic subsidence 8.12, 8.13
thermal subsidence, uplift 390,
8.2eb
total, cumulative 8.8
subsidence history, curves 404-413
arch-trench systems 413
backstripping 393, 8.5
corrections for compaction, paleowater depth, sea-Ievel change
395-399, 8.6
decompaction ofsed. 394,8.4
foreland basins 411-413, 8.18
foreward modeling 400-403,405409,
8.10, 8.ll, 8.15, 8.16
geohistory analysis 395-399,404
idealized curves 8.8
passive margins 405-411, 8.138.17
pull-apart basins 413
rift zones 400-405, 8.8-8.11
subsurface flow regimes (s. also
solute transport, compaction flow)
663-667,13.12,13.13
convection 666, 13.12cd
example 667, 13.14
long-distance 690, 13.25, 13.26
meteoric flow 670, 688
thermobaric flow 665, 13.12a
sulfate reduction s. diagenesis
Sunda arc-trench system 590,
12.23
changes along trench axix 590
superposition of cycles s. sequence
stratigraphy
Surinam coast 127
suspended river load s. solid
river load
suspension sedimentation s. turbidites
Swiss molasse basin 620, 12.35c
syn-rift sediments s. rift basins,
rifting
Taiwan, uplift 450
foreland basin 612
Tarim basin, China 641
Tasmania 136
tectonics and basin filling
10,1.5
temperature field in sediments
697-700, 13.29, 13.30
tempestites s. storm deposits
tephra deposits (also s. volcaniclastic sediments) 64-74
ash cloud fallout 65, 2.24
791
ash turbidites 67, 2.24b, 2.27c
diagenesis, metamorphism 73-74
facies associations 70, 2.26
in basins of various tectonic
settings 70-73
pyroclastic surges, flows 65,
2.24b,2.25
submarine tephra 67, 70, 2.25d
tonstein 65
transport distances 70, 75,
2.26a
volume oftephra 70,73
terrane-related basins 7
terrestrial organic matter in the
sea 466, 1O.5a
Tethys Ocean, Tethyan carbonate
platforms s. Europe
siliceous sediments 198
Texas continental margin (also s.
Gulf ofMexico)
coastal plain 47,2.19
coastal progradation 529,
11.32a-c
thermal history ofbasin fills
697-700
affected by meteoric water
circulation 699, 13.30
examples 698-700
thermal uplift s. uplift
thermocatalytic decarboxylation 689
thermocline (s. ocean) 184, 5.1e
thrust sheet migration (also s.
foreland basins) 612
Tiber delta, Italy 519, 1J.25e
Tibetan plateau, uplift 451
tidal processes 109-112,3.9-3.11
tidal currents 109-112, 3.11 b
tidal ranges 109-112, T3.l
tidal waves 109,3.10a
tides and coastal morphology
112, 3.10b-d
tidal sediments 112-118
climate control 115-117,
3.12-3.15
distinctive features 118
faunal characteristics 115
neap-springtide cycles 114,
3.12
response to sea level change
117,3.17
sand ridges 127
sedimentary structures 114,
3.12-3.15
hydrodynamic dispersion 676
meteoric water, leaching 670
13.20, 13.23a
molecular diffusion (also s.
diffusion) 673-674, 13.17,
13.18
phreatic, vadose zone 13.23a
Songliao Basin, China, oil 715,
14.8
South America (also s. Andes)
backarc, retro-foreland basins
600
forearc basins 595
intra-arc, intramontane basins
622
South Atlantic, rifting 12.1 c
South Pyreneen foredeep (also s.
Ebro basin) 621
Southeast basin, France 642
spilites 74
spreading troughs s. Guaymas basin
stable isotopes
in evaporites 278
in carbonate diagenesis 700
storms and storm action 99, 3.4a
combined flow 100, 3.4b
geostrophic currents 100
storm deposits (tempestites) 103108,3.4ed-3.8
amalgamation 102,3.5b
bed forms, sedimentary
structures 100, 102, 3.5
bypass model 107,3.8b
faunal characteristics,
ichnofacies 102-103, 3. 7
flat pebble conglomerates 102,
104,3.7c
hummocky cross-stratification
100-102, 3.4c
lag deposits 102
mud tempestites 102. 3.5d
proximal-distal trends 107, 3.5e
tempestite sequences 107, 3.8
tempestites in basin analysis
108,3.8
storm-dominated seas 127, 3.20d
stratigraphic correlation s. cyclic
sequences
stratigraphic gaps 10.2a
in deep-sea sediments 236-238
in depositional sequences s.
sequence stratigraphy
stretching, crustal 389,400
stretching factor 8.8
strike-slip basins (also s.
pull-apart basins) 6, 1.4
stromatolites 116, 3.15
stylolites s. pressure solution
subduction complexes (also s.
accretionary wedges, deepsea trenches)
sediment loss, tectonic erosion 538-539, 11.35
subduction-related basins 6, 1.2
submarine canyons 214,218,
229-231
submarine ridges and plateaus
207,567,5.10b
bank top sediments 207-208
subsidence (s. stretching) 389-413
crustal flexure by loading 390392,402,8.3,8.10
influence of rifting time and
lateral heat transfer 401-403,
8.9-8.ll
initial subsidence 389-390, 8.2,
8.8
isostasy (Airy model) 387-388, 8.1
mineral phase change 393
rift zones (McKenzie model) 400,
8.8
sediment-ftlled basins 389-390,
8.8,
8.ll
tectonic, thermo-tectonic subsidence 8.12, 8.13
thermal subsidence, uplift 390,
8.2eb
total, cumulative 8.8
subsidence history, curves 404-413
arch-trench systems 413
backstripping 393, 8.5
corrections for compaction, paleowater depth, sea-Ievel change
395-399, 8.6
decompaction ofsed. 394,8.4
foreland basins 411-413, 8.18
foreward modeling 400-403,405409,
8.10, 8.ll, 8.15, 8.16
geohistory analysis 395-399,404
idealized curves 8.8
passive margins 405-411, 8.138.17
pull-apart basins 413
rift zones 400-405, 8.8-8.11
subsurface flow regimes (s. also
solute transport, compaction flow)
663-667,13.12,13.13
convection 666, 13.12cd
example 667, 13.14
long-distance 690, 13.25, 13.26
meteoric flow 670, 688
thermobaric flow 665, 13.12a
sulfate reduction s. diagenesis
Sunda arc-trench system 590,
12.23
changes along trench axix 590
superposition of cycles s. sequence
stratigraphy
Surinam coast 127
suspended river load s. solid
river load
suspension sedimentation s. turbidites
Swiss molasse basin 620, 12.35c
syn-rift sediments s. rift basins,
rifting
Taiwan, uplift 450
foreland basin 612
Tarim basin, China 641
Tasmania 136
tectonics and basin filling
10,1.5
temperature field in sediments
697-700, 13.29, 13.30
tempestites s. storm deposits
tephra deposits (also s. volcaniclastic sediments) 64-74
ash cloud fallout 65, 2.24
791
ash turbidites 67, 2.24b, 2.27c
diagenesis, metamorphism 73-74
facies associations 70, 2.26
in basins of various tectonic
settings 70-73
pyroclastic surges, flows 65,
2.24b,2.25
submarine tephra 67, 70, 2.25d
tonstein 65
transport distances 70, 75,
2.26a
volume oftephra 70,73
terrane-related basins 7
terrestrial organic matter in the
sea 466, 1O.5a
Tethys Ocean, Tethyan carbonate
platforms s. Europe
siliceous sediments 198
Texas continental margin (also s.
Gulf ofMexico)
coastal plain 47,2.19
coastal progradation 529,
11.32a-c
thermal history ofbasin fills
697-700
affected by meteoric water
circulation 699, 13.30
examples 698-700
thermal uplift s. uplift
thermocatalytic decarboxylation 689
thermocline (s. ocean) 184, 5.1e
thrust sheet migration (also s.
foreland basins) 612
Tiber delta, Italy 519, 1J.25e
Tibetan plateau, uplift 451
tidal processes 109-112,3.9-3.11
tidal currents 109-112, 3.11 b
tidal ranges 109-112, T3.l
tidal waves 109,3.10a
tides and coastal morphology
112, 3.10b-d
tidal sediments 112-118
climate control 115-117,
3.12-3.15
distinctive features 118
faunal characteristics 115
neap-springtide cycles 114,
3.12
response to sea level change
117,3.17
sand ridges 127
sedimentary structures 114,
3.12-3.15