790
2nd and 3rd order 356, 7.35
Sea of Japan 604
sea water composition 258, 6.4b
secondary porosity s. porosity
sediment budget (s. also sediment
supply, distribution)
closed basins (steady-state)
490-494
closing basins 505-506
dynamic denudation-accumulation
systems 494-497
extensional basins 497-506
general concept 484-486, 11.1
lacustrine evaporites 512-517
open basins 487-489
pull-apart basins 507-512
sediment distribution in waterfilled basins 517-533
general rules 517,519, 11.23
global, modem oceans 531
sed. transfer to marine deltas
519-523
to barrier-Iagoon systems
524-526
to deep-sea fans 526-528
sediment preservation potential
536,642
survival rate 536
sediment ridges, "drifts" 235,
5.23
sediment supply to basins
balanced basins 534
general trends 14-15
oversupplied basins 533
undersupplied, sedimentstarved basins 534
sedimentary basins, general aspects
definition, size, shape 3
morphology, depositional environment 10-12,1.7,1.8
tectonic classification 3-10,
Tl.l,I.I-I.5
sedimentary cycles s. cyclic
sequences, sequ. stratigraphy
sedimentary structures, preservation in soft and lithified
sediments 13
sedimentation rates 455-462, 10.3
actual and potential rates 457
conversion into accumulation
rates 10.1
carbonates and siliceous sed.
461,10.4
compared to rates of denudation,
sea-Ievel change, subsidence 462
definitions 455-456
in various depositional environments 459-462, 10.3
peat, coal, other specific environments 462
short- and long-term 457, 10.2
separated intlow and outtlow,
basins 170-172, 4.3
sequence stratigraphy (also s. sealevel changes, cyclic sequences)
accommodation space 303, 7.4
base level 258, T7.1
basic concepts, definitions,
terms 297-313, 7.3, T7.l, T7.2
carbonate systems 328-332, 7.21.
7.22
carbonate slopes 332-333, 7.24
carbonate-evaporite systems 335337,7.35
chronostratigraphic sequences
(Wheeler plots) 301, 7.3gh,
7. JOb, 7.15b
coal sequences 339-342
coastal and shallow-marine siliciclastic systems 313-324
coastal plains, lagoons, playas
342-344, 7.29
condensed sections 306, 7.3gh,
7.17c, T7.2
deep-sea fans 327-328, 5.21, 5,22
drowing unconformities
(carbonates)
331, 7. 16e, 7.23d
eolian systems 352-354, 7.34
erosional unconformities, types
306, 7.9de, 7.16
tluvial systems 348-352, 7.32,
7.33
hierarchy of cycles 296, 354-359,
7.35
incised valleys 337-339, 7.26,
7.28c
lacustrine sequences and cycles
345-348, 7.30, 7.31
lags, reworked horizons 316,
320,7.15, 7.16
lowstand deltas 326, 7.20
marine deltas 324, 7.19, 7.20
parasequences 303, 7.9, 7.18
ramp rnargins, epicontinental seas
316-318,7.12-7.15
sequence boundaries 301,324,
7.3gh, 7.10b
shelf-slope margins, siliciclastics
318-324,7.17
shoreline migration 313-316,
7.12, 7.13
systems tracts, facies tracts
301,321, 7.17, T7.2
shallow seas, shelfseas (also s.
carbonate sediments 125,3.19
bottom currents 130, 3.21 hi
equilibrium conditions 126
general characteristics 125, 3.19
hydraulic regimes 127-130, 3.20,
3.21
shallow sea sediments, siliciclastics
facies models 126-131,3.20,3.21
lag deposits, hardgrounds 130
sand bodies, large 131,3.22
marls, lime mud 130
mud-dominated 127
sandridges 127,3.19,11.2
sand sheets 131,3.32
sedimentary structures 130
sediment-starved 131
vertical sequences 3.20,3.21
Shark Bay, Australia 116
sheet tloods 36
shelf seas s. shallow seas
shelf-break erosion 214
shelf ice, Antarctic 25
shell beds, skeletal concentrations 376-377, 7.46
Shimanto belt, Japan 590, 12.24
Sibirian Basin, western 577
hydrocarbons 716
siderite s. concretions,
diagenesis
sieve deposits 36, 2.11 a
silcrete s. duricrusts, soils
siliceous sediments, marine 197-20 I,
5.5,5.6
bedded cherts 201, 5.5
distribution in oceans 198
general aspects 197
radiolarites 197-198, 5.5
silica diagenesis (also s. diagenesis) 198,5.6
siliceous turbidites 5.5
sill-sediment complexes 635, 12.44
simple shear 12.1 bed
slope anticline 517, 12.15
slopeaprons 214, 5.12a
slope collapse, carbonate platforms
214,216,5.12a
slope sediments s. continental slope
carbonate slopes 332-333, 7.24
slumps, olistostromes s. gravity
mass movements
soda ocean 286, 6.18
soil, soil profiles, paleosols
9.1-9.3
calcretes and duricrusts 418,
9.2
soil types 418, 9.2
effects of sedimentation and
erosion 9.3
solid, suspended river load (s. also
denudation rates) 435-442
artificial reservoirs 437
controlled by parent rocks,
reliefand climate 437-441.
9.13
element partitioning 422
high-Iatitude rivers 439
measurement 434-435
mineralogical composition
421-422
specific transport rates or
specific yield 9.12, 9.13
tropical rivers 439
Solomon Sea, foredeep 612
solubility of prograde and retrograde minerals 670, 672
solute transport in rivers s.
dissolved river load
solute transport within sediments
(also s. diagenesis, subsurface tlow regimes) 669-674
2nd and 3rd order 356, 7.35
Sea of Japan 604
sea water composition 258, 6.4b
secondary porosity s. porosity
sediment budget (s. also sediment
supply, distribution)
closed basins (steady-state)
490-494
closing basins 505-506
dynamic denudation-accumulation
systems 494-497
extensional basins 497-506
general concept 484-486, 11.1
lacustrine evaporites 512-517
open basins 487-489
pull-apart basins 507-512
sediment distribution in waterfilled basins 517-533
general rules 517,519, 11.23
global, modem oceans 531
sed. transfer to marine deltas
519-523
to barrier-Iagoon systems
524-526
to deep-sea fans 526-528
sediment preservation potential
536,642
survival rate 536
sediment ridges, "drifts" 235,
5.23
sediment supply to basins
balanced basins 534
general trends 14-15
oversupplied basins 533
undersupplied, sedimentstarved basins 534
sedimentary basins, general aspects
definition, size, shape 3
morphology, depositional environment 10-12,1.7,1.8
tectonic classification 3-10,
Tl.l,I.I-I.5
sedimentary cycles s. cyclic
sequences, sequ. stratigraphy
sedimentary structures, preservation in soft and lithified
sediments 13
sedimentation rates 455-462, 10.3
actual and potential rates 457
conversion into accumulation
rates 10.1
carbonates and siliceous sed.
461,10.4
compared to rates of denudation,
sea-Ievel change, subsidence 462
definitions 455-456
in various depositional environments 459-462, 10.3
peat, coal, other specific environments 462
short- and long-term 457, 10.2
separated intlow and outtlow,
basins 170-172, 4.3
sequence stratigraphy (also s. sealevel changes, cyclic sequences)
accommodation space 303, 7.4
base level 258, T7.1
basic concepts, definitions,
terms 297-313, 7.3, T7.l, T7.2
carbonate systems 328-332, 7.21.
7.22
carbonate slopes 332-333, 7.24
carbonate-evaporite systems 335337,7.35
chronostratigraphic sequences
(Wheeler plots) 301, 7.3gh,
7. JOb, 7.15b
coal sequences 339-342
coastal and shallow-marine siliciclastic systems 313-324
coastal plains, lagoons, playas
342-344, 7.29
condensed sections 306, 7.3gh,
7.17c, T7.2
deep-sea fans 327-328, 5.21, 5,22
drowing unconformities
(carbonates)
331, 7. 16e, 7.23d
eolian systems 352-354, 7.34
erosional unconformities, types
306, 7.9de, 7.16
tluvial systems 348-352, 7.32,
7.33
hierarchy of cycles 296, 354-359,
7.35
incised valleys 337-339, 7.26,
7.28c
lacustrine sequences and cycles
345-348, 7.30, 7.31
lags, reworked horizons 316,
320,7.15, 7.16
lowstand deltas 326, 7.20
marine deltas 324, 7.19, 7.20
parasequences 303, 7.9, 7.18
ramp rnargins, epicontinental seas
316-318,7.12-7.15
sequence boundaries 301,324,
7.3gh, 7.10b
shelf-slope margins, siliciclastics
318-324,7.17
shoreline migration 313-316,
7.12, 7.13
systems tracts, facies tracts
301,321, 7.17, T7.2
shallow seas, shelfseas (also s.
carbonate sediments 125,3.19
bottom currents 130, 3.21 hi
equilibrium conditions 126
general characteristics 125, 3.19
hydraulic regimes 127-130, 3.20,
3.21
shallow sea sediments, siliciclastics
facies models 126-131,3.20,3.21
lag deposits, hardgrounds 130
sand bodies, large 131,3.22
marls, lime mud 130
mud-dominated 127
sandridges 127,3.19,11.2
sand sheets 131,3.32
sedimentary structures 130
sediment-starved 131
vertical sequences 3.20,3.21
Shark Bay, Australia 116
sheet tloods 36
shelf seas s. shallow seas
shelf-break erosion 214
shelf ice, Antarctic 25
shell beds, skeletal concentrations 376-377, 7.46
Shimanto belt, Japan 590, 12.24
Sibirian Basin, western 577
hydrocarbons 716
siderite s. concretions,
diagenesis
sieve deposits 36, 2.11 a
silcrete s. duricrusts, soils
siliceous sediments, marine 197-20 I,
5.5,5.6
bedded cherts 201, 5.5
distribution in oceans 198
general aspects 197
radiolarites 197-198, 5.5
silica diagenesis (also s. diagenesis) 198,5.6
siliceous turbidites 5.5
sill-sediment complexes 635, 12.44
simple shear 12.1 bed
slope anticline 517, 12.15
slopeaprons 214, 5.12a
slope collapse, carbonate platforms
214,216,5.12a
slope sediments s. continental slope
carbonate slopes 332-333, 7.24
slumps, olistostromes s. gravity
mass movements
soda ocean 286, 6.18
soil, soil profiles, paleosols
9.1-9.3
calcretes and duricrusts 418,
9.2
soil types 418, 9.2
effects of sedimentation and
erosion 9.3
solid, suspended river load (s. also
denudation rates) 435-442
artificial reservoirs 437
controlled by parent rocks,
reliefand climate 437-441.
9.13
element partitioning 422
high-Iatitude rivers 439
measurement 434-435
mineralogical composition
421-422
specific transport rates or
specific yield 9.12, 9.13
tropical rivers 439
Solomon Sea, foredeep 612
solubility of prograde and retrograde minerals 670, 672
solute transport in rivers s.
dissolved river load
solute transport within sediments
(also s. diagenesis, subsurface tlow regimes) 669-674