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Res 94(B9):12197–12225
Marsh BD, Gunnarsson B, Congdon R, Cormdy R (1991) Hawaiin basalt and Icelandic rhyolite:
indicator of differentiation and partial melting. Geol Rundsch 80:481–510
Matsumoto T, Kelemen PB, Party OS (1998) Preliminary results of the precise geological and
geophysical mapping of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge 14–16°N—tectonic extension along the
magma- poor ridge axis. Eos. Trans Am Geophys Union 79:F46
McKenzie D, Bickle MJ (1988) The volume and composition of melt generated by extension of
the lithosphere. J Petrol 25(3):623–679
Melson W, Byerly GR, Nelen JA, O’Hearn, Wright TL, Vallier T, (1977) A catalog of the major
element chemistry of abyssal volcanic glassas. Smiththsonian Contributionn Earth Sci
19:31–60
Mercier JC, Nicolas A (1975) Textures and fabrics of upper mantle peridotites as illustrated by
xenoliths from basalts. J Petrol 16:454–487
Meyzen CM, Toplis MJ, Humler E, Ludden JN, Mével C (2003) A discontinuity in mantle
composition beneath the southwest Indian ridge. Nature 421:731–733
Michael PJ, Langmuir CH, Dick HJB, Snow JE, Goldstein SL, Graham DW, Lehnert K,
Kurras G, Jokat W, Mühe WR, Edmonds HN (2003) Magmatic and amagmatic seafloor
generation at the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel ridge, Arctic Ocean. Nature 423(6943):956–961
Miller DJ, Christensen NI (1997) Seismic velocities of lower crustal and upper mantle rocks from
the slow-spreading Mid-Atlantic ridge, south of the kane transformation zone (MARK). In:
Karson JA, Cannat M, Miller DJ, Elthon D (Eds) Proceedings ODP Scientific Results 153
College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), pp 437–451
Mottl MJ (1989) Hydrothermal convection, reaction, and diffusion in sediments on the costa rica
rift flank: pore-water evidence from ODP sites 677 and 678. In: Becker K, Sakai H et al.
Proceedings ODP Scientific Results, 111: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program),
pp 195–213
Muller C, Jokat W (2000) Seismic evidence for volcanic activity discovered in central Arctic. Eos
81:265
Myashiro A (1974) Volcanic rock series and tectonic setting. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 3:251
Naar DF, Hey RN (1986) East rift propagation along the east Pacific Rise near easter Island.
J Geophys Res 91:3425–3438
Nicolas A (1990) Les montagnes Sous la mer. Edition BRGM Avenue de Concyr, B.P. 6009,
45060, Orleans CEDEX 2 France, p 187
Parsons B, Sclater JG (1977) An analysis of the variation of ocean floor bathymetry with age.
J Geophys Res 82:803–827
Perfit MR, Chadwick Jr WW (1998) Magmatism at Mid-Ocean Ridges: constraints from
volcanological and geothermal investigations. In Faulting and magmatism at Mid-Atlantic
Ridges. In: Buck R, Delaney P, Karson JF, Lagabrielle Y, (eds) Gophysical Monogr 106
series II, pp 59–115
Phipps Morgan J, Chen YJ (1993) The genesis of oceanic crust: magma injection, hydrothermal
circulation, and crustal flow. J Geophys Res 98:6283–6297
Plank T, Langmuir CH (1992) Effects on the melting regime on the composition of ocean crust.
J Geophys Res 97:19749–19770
Shand SJ (1949) Rocks of the Mid-Atlantic ridge. J Geology 57:89–91
Shido F, Miyashiro AM, Ewing M (1974) Basalts and serpentinite from the puerto ricotrench, 1.
Petrol. Mar Geol 16(4):191–203
Sleep NH (1969) Sensitivity of heat flow and gravity to the mechanism of sea-floor spreading.
J Geophys Res 74:542–549
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78:3395–3117
Liou JG, Kuniyoshi S, Ito K (1974) Experimental studies of phase relations between greeshist and
amphibolelite in a basaltic system. Am J Sci 274:613–632
Lonsdale P (1989) Segmentation of the Pacific-Nazca Spreading Center, 1°N–20°S. J Geophys
Res 94(B9):12197–12225
Marsh BD, Gunnarsson B, Congdon R, Cormdy R (1991) Hawaiin basalt and Icelandic rhyolite:
indicator of differentiation and partial melting. Geol Rundsch 80:481–510
Matsumoto T, Kelemen PB, Party OS (1998) Preliminary results of the precise geological and
geophysical mapping of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge 14–16°N—tectonic extension along the
magma- poor ridge axis. Eos. Trans Am Geophys Union 79:F46
McKenzie D, Bickle MJ (1988) The volume and composition of melt generated by extension of
the lithosphere. J Petrol 25(3):623–679
Melson W, Byerly GR, Nelen JA, O’Hearn, Wright TL, Vallier T, (1977) A catalog of the major
element chemistry of abyssal volcanic glassas. Smiththsonian Contributionn Earth Sci
19:31–60
Mercier JC, Nicolas A (1975) Textures and fabrics of upper mantle peridotites as illustrated by
xenoliths from basalts. J Petrol 16:454–487
Meyzen CM, Toplis MJ, Humler E, Ludden JN, Mével C (2003) A discontinuity in mantle
composition beneath the southwest Indian ridge. Nature 421:731–733
Michael PJ, Langmuir CH, Dick HJB, Snow JE, Goldstein SL, Graham DW, Lehnert K,
Kurras G, Jokat W, Mühe WR, Edmonds HN (2003) Magmatic and amagmatic seafloor
generation at the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel ridge, Arctic Ocean. Nature 423(6943):956–961
Miller DJ, Christensen NI (1997) Seismic velocities of lower crustal and upper mantle rocks from
the slow-spreading Mid-Atlantic ridge, south of the kane transformation zone (MARK). In:
Karson JA, Cannat M, Miller DJ, Elthon D (Eds) Proceedings ODP Scientific Results 153
College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), pp 437–451
Mottl MJ (1989) Hydrothermal convection, reaction, and diffusion in sediments on the costa rica
rift flank: pore-water evidence from ODP sites 677 and 678. In: Becker K, Sakai H et al.
Proceedings ODP Scientific Results, 111: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program),
pp 195–213
Muller C, Jokat W (2000) Seismic evidence for volcanic activity discovered in central Arctic. Eos
81:265
Myashiro A (1974) Volcanic rock series and tectonic setting. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 3:251
Naar DF, Hey RN (1986) East rift propagation along the east Pacific Rise near easter Island.
J Geophys Res 91:3425–3438
Nicolas A (1990) Les montagnes Sous la mer. Edition BRGM Avenue de Concyr, B.P. 6009,
45060, Orleans CEDEX 2 France, p 187
Parsons B, Sclater JG (1977) An analysis of the variation of ocean floor bathymetry with age.
J Geophys Res 82:803–827
Perfit MR, Chadwick Jr WW (1998) Magmatism at Mid-Ocean Ridges: constraints from
volcanological and geothermal investigations. In Faulting and magmatism at Mid-Atlantic
Ridges. In: Buck R, Delaney P, Karson JF, Lagabrielle Y, (eds) Gophysical Monogr 106
series II, pp 59–115
Phipps Morgan J, Chen YJ (1993) The genesis of oceanic crust: magma injection, hydrothermal
circulation, and crustal flow. J Geophys Res 98:6283–6297
Plank T, Langmuir CH (1992) Effects on the melting regime on the composition of ocean crust.
J Geophys Res 97:19749–19770
Shand SJ (1949) Rocks of the Mid-Atlantic ridge. J Geology 57:89–91
Shido F, Miyashiro AM, Ewing M (1974) Basalts and serpentinite from the puerto ricotrench, 1.
Petrol. Mar Geol 16(4):191–203
Sleep NH (1969) Sensitivity of heat flow and gravity to the mechanism of sea-floor spreading.
J Geophys Res 74:542–549
References
107