Contents
xi
7 The Horticultural Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
7.1
Plant Domestication in the Spice Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
7.2
Lapita Pottery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
7.3
The Lapita Migrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
7.4
A Translocated Landscape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
7.5
A Readiness to Seize Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
8 Transoceanic Trading in Two Oceans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
8.1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
8.2
Chinese Contact with America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
8.3
Archaeological Evidence for the Introduction of
American Plants to India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
8.3.1 First-Wave Introductions of American Plants to India . 137
8.3.2 First-Wave Introductions of Old World Plants to
America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
8.3.3 Second-Wave Introductions of American Plants
to India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
8.4
Estimating the Frequency of Transpacific Voyages . . . . . . . 140
8.5
Transoceanic Trading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
9 Exploration Strategies, Settlement Sequence and the
Evolution of Canoe Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
9.1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
9.2
Settlement Sequence: Avoiding Hypothermia . . . . . . . . . 150
9.3
Settlement Sequence: The Spur of Spice Trading . . . . . . . 151
9.4
Settlement Sequence: Significant Land Area and Rich Biota . . 153
9.5
Settlement Sequence: The Problem of Settling
on Long-Inhabited Continental Coasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
9.6
Settlement Sequence: A Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
9.7
Migrations Within and from Eastern Polynesia:
Evolution in Sailing Strategies and Canoe Design . . . . . . . 156
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
10 Studying the History of Spice Island Migration Through
Cultural Diffusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
10.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
10.2 The Preservation of Spice Island Matrilineal and
Matrilocal Social Structures in New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . 164
10.3 Studying Prehistory when there is a Paucity or Absence
of Material Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
10.4 The Early Migration History of Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
10.5 Studies with an Illuminating Singular Focus . . . . . . . . . . 171
10.6 Part I: A Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176