x
Contents
3.8
Ancient Spice Island Trading and Cultural Links with
Mesopotamia and the Sepik/Ramu Region of New Guinea . .
54
3.9
Evolution of the Sailing Strategy of Following Fast
Warm Currents over Long Distances . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
56
3.10 The Early Settlement of Micronesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
58
3.11 Maritime Expansions from a Maritime Ice Age Refuge . . . .
61
3.12 Solheim and the Nusantao Trading Culture . . . . . . . . . . .
62
3.13 A Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
63
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65
4 Transoceanic Trade and Migration (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
67
4.1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
67
4.2
The Maori Whare Wananga Traditions . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69
4.3
The Cinnamon Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
71
4.4
The Origins of the Malagasy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
74
4.5
Dating the First Settlement of Madagascar . . . . . . . . . . .
75
4.6
A Replica Voyage from Java to Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . .
81
4.7
Did Spice Island Mariners Follow Another Major
Current from the West Pacific Warm Pool into the
Indian Ocean? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
82
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
85
5 Transoceanic Trade and Migration (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
87
5.1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
87
5.2
Some Evidence for a First-Wave Spice Island Colony
in Southern Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
89
5.3
Evidence from the Japanese Taro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
91
5.4
Evidence for a Second-Wave Spice Island Colony
in Southern Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
94
5.5
Linguistic, Archaeological, Horticultural and Cultural Evidence
95
5.6
The Moon/Lake Myth and the Myth of the Cosmogonic Tree .
97
5.7
A Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
99
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
6 Transoceanic Voyaging in the Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
6.1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
6.2
Archaeological Evidence for Spice Island Contact with America 104
6.3
The Polynesian Chicken in America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
6.4
Consilient Evidence for the Pre-Columbian
Introduction of the Chicken to America . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
6.5
The Asiatic Melanotic Chicken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
6.6
The Melanotic Chicken and the Cultural Complex
of Cockfighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
6.7
White Chickens and the Cultural Complex of Sacrifice
and Divination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Contents
3.8
Ancient Spice Island Trading and Cultural Links with
Mesopotamia and the Sepik/Ramu Region of New Guinea . .
54
3.9
Evolution of the Sailing Strategy of Following Fast
Warm Currents over Long Distances . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
56
3.10 The Early Settlement of Micronesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
58
3.11 Maritime Expansions from a Maritime Ice Age Refuge . . . .
61
3.12 Solheim and the Nusantao Trading Culture . . . . . . . . . . .
62
3.13 A Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
63
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65
4 Transoceanic Trade and Migration (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
67
4.1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
67
4.2
The Maori Whare Wananga Traditions . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69
4.3
The Cinnamon Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
71
4.4
The Origins of the Malagasy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
74
4.5
Dating the First Settlement of Madagascar . . . . . . . . . . .
75
4.6
A Replica Voyage from Java to Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . .
81
4.7
Did Spice Island Mariners Follow Another Major
Current from the West Pacific Warm Pool into the
Indian Ocean? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
82
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
85
5 Transoceanic Trade and Migration (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
87
5.1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
87
5.2
Some Evidence for a First-Wave Spice Island Colony
in Southern Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
89
5.3
Evidence from the Japanese Taro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
91
5.4
Evidence for a Second-Wave Spice Island Colony
in Southern Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
94
5.5
Linguistic, Archaeological, Horticultural and Cultural Evidence
95
5.6
The Moon/Lake Myth and the Myth of the Cosmogonic Tree .
97
5.7
A Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
99
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
6 Transoceanic Voyaging in the Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
6.1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
6.2
Archaeological Evidence for Spice Island Contact with America 104
6.3
The Polynesian Chicken in America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
6.4
Consilient Evidence for the Pre-Columbian
Introduction of the Chicken to America . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
6.5
The Asiatic Melanotic Chicken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
6.6
The Melanotic Chicken and the Cultural Complex
of Cockfighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
6.7
White Chickens and the Cultural Complex of Sacrifice
and Divination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116