Ocean Drilling, Table 2 A brief history of scientific ocean
drilling
1961
US Project Mohole Phase 1: CUSS I keeping its
position at 3,558 m water depth (dynamic
positioning) off Baja California proves deep-ocean
core drilling and samples basalt beneath fossil-rich
sediments
1963
US Project LOCO: Submarex cores tertiary sediments
on the Nicaragua Rise in the Caribbean Sea
1964
JOIDES (Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep
Earth Sampling) is formed: Lamont Geological
Observatory (now Lamont-Doherty Earth
Observatory), Inst. of Marine Science (now
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric
Science), Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and
Woods Hole Institution of Oceanography
1965
US Project CALDRILL: JOIDES conducts a transect
drilling on the Blake Plateau off Florida
1968
US Project DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project) starts
with Glomar Challenger as the drillship. DSDP Leg
1 is conducted in the Gulf of Mexico to find a salt
dome and traces of petroleum
1969
DSDP Leg 3 in the Atlantic Ocean verifies the seafloor
spreading hypothesis
1975
DSDP enters an international phase (International
Program for Ocean Drilling, IPOD) with the
participation of the Federal Republic of Germany,
Japan, the UK, USSR, and France
1979
Hydraulic piston coring becomes available in
DSDP. Sediment cores are sampled with little
disturbance
1979–1983 A series of experiments of borehole seismometer
installations conducted. Ocean sub-bottom
seismometer (Sites 482, 494, 543, 581) and marine
seismic system (Sites 395, 595)
1981
The first international Conference on Scientific Ocean
Drilling (COSOD) held at the University of Texas
1985
Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) is started with JOIDES
Resolution as the drillship
1987
Second COSOD held in Strasbourg, France, to
redefine the future of ocean drilling science
1989
Digital ocean bottom downhole seismometer
experiment (Leg 128)
Oldest Pacific Ocean crust dated at 170 Ma (Leg 129)
1991
Sub-seafloor hydrogeology observatory experiment
(CORK) started (Site 858 and subsequently many
others)
1993
ODP Leg 148 reaches 2,111 m below seafloor (deepest
ocean basin borehole)
1998
Ocean Seismic Network first installation (OSN-1, Site
843, ION prototype)
1999
Conference on Multiple Platform Exploration
(COMPLEX) of the Ocean held in Vancouver,
Canada
1999–2001 Borehole seismo-geodetic observatories installation in
western Pacific (ION Sites, 1150, 1151, 1179, 1201)
2004
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) is started
utilizing three drilling platforms. The JOIDES
Resolution embarks on the first cruise (Expedition
301)
The first Mission-Specific Platform expedition of
ECORD (European Consortium for Ocean Research
Drilling) utilizes the Vidar Viking to core at the
Lomonosov Ridge in the Arctic Ocean through
the ice
Ocean Drilling, Table 2 (Continued )
2007
The first riser-equipped drillship Chikyu of JAMSTEC
(Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and
Technology) sails on IODP Expedition 314
2009
IODP New Ventures in Exploring Scientific Targets
(INVEST) Conference in Bremen, Germany, to set
the course of ocean drilling science in 2013 and
beyond
2012
Chikyu sets the deepest scientific coring depth at
2,466 m below seafloor (Exp. 337)
Chikyu installs thermistor string across the fault zone
of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake (M9.0). Recovered
with data in 2013
2013
The International Ocean Discovery Program succeeds
IODP
Ocean Drilling, Table 3 Data and reference publications from
ocean drilling programs
Reports from ocean expeditions
Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Projects, Vol. 1–96,
available online www.deepseadrilling.org, Scripps Inst.
Oceanography, USA, 1969–1986
Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program; Initial Reports, Vol.
101–210, available online www.odp.tamu.edu/publications/
pubs_lr.htm, Texas A&M U., USA, 1986–2004
Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program; Scientific Reports, Vol.
101–210, available online www.odp.tamu.edu/publications/
pubs_lr.htm, Texas A&M U., USA, 1988–2007
Preliminary Report of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Vol.
301–340 (as of 2013), available online publications.iodp.org/
proceedings, IODP Management International Inc., USA/Japan,
2004Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Vol.
301–336 (as of 2013), available online publications.iodp.org/
proceedings, IODP Management International Inc., USA/Japan,
2004Scientific Drilling Journal, available online (www.iodp.org), 2005-,
published by IODP and International Continental Scientific
Drilling Program
International planning documents guiding the programs
Earth, Oceans and Life, Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Initial
Science Plan, 2003–2013, pp. 110, IWG Support Office, Japan/
USA, 2001
Illuminating Earth’s Past, Present, and Future, Science Plan for
2013–2023, pp. 84, IODP Management International, Inc., 2011
Other publications available online at www.odplegacy.org/
program_admin/long_range.html
Core repositories
Bremen Core Repository in Bremen, Germany, hosts DSDP, ODP,
and IODP cores from the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean and
Black Seas and Arctic Ocean (http://www.marum.de/en/
IODP_Bremen_Core_Repository.html)
Gulf Coast Repository in Texas, USA, stores DSDP, ODP, and
IODP cores from the Pacific Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and Gulf
of Mexico, and the Southern Ocean (http://iodp.tamu.edu/
curation/gcr/)
Kochi Core Center (joint with Japan Agency for Marine Science and
Technology and Kochi University) in Kochi, Japan hosts DSDP,
ODP, and IODP cores from the Indian Ocean and seas of Asia and
Oceania (http://www.kochi-core.jp/en/)
OCEAN DRILLING
547
drilling
1961
US Project Mohole Phase 1: CUSS I keeping its
position at 3,558 m water depth (dynamic
positioning) off Baja California proves deep-ocean
core drilling and samples basalt beneath fossil-rich
sediments
1963
US Project LOCO: Submarex cores tertiary sediments
on the Nicaragua Rise in the Caribbean Sea
1964
JOIDES (Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep
Earth Sampling) is formed: Lamont Geological
Observatory (now Lamont-Doherty Earth
Observatory), Inst. of Marine Science (now
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric
Science), Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and
Woods Hole Institution of Oceanography
1965
US Project CALDRILL: JOIDES conducts a transect
drilling on the Blake Plateau off Florida
1968
US Project DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project) starts
with Glomar Challenger as the drillship. DSDP Leg
1 is conducted in the Gulf of Mexico to find a salt
dome and traces of petroleum
1969
DSDP Leg 3 in the Atlantic Ocean verifies the seafloor
spreading hypothesis
1975
DSDP enters an international phase (International
Program for Ocean Drilling, IPOD) with the
participation of the Federal Republic of Germany,
Japan, the UK, USSR, and France
1979
Hydraulic piston coring becomes available in
DSDP. Sediment cores are sampled with little
disturbance
1979–1983 A series of experiments of borehole seismometer
installations conducted. Ocean sub-bottom
seismometer (Sites 482, 494, 543, 581) and marine
seismic system (Sites 395, 595)
1981
The first international Conference on Scientific Ocean
Drilling (COSOD) held at the University of Texas
1985
Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) is started with JOIDES
Resolution as the drillship
1987
Second COSOD held in Strasbourg, France, to
redefine the future of ocean drilling science
1989
Digital ocean bottom downhole seismometer
experiment (Leg 128)
Oldest Pacific Ocean crust dated at 170 Ma (Leg 129)
1991
Sub-seafloor hydrogeology observatory experiment
(CORK) started (Site 858 and subsequently many
others)
1993
ODP Leg 148 reaches 2,111 m below seafloor (deepest
ocean basin borehole)
1998
Ocean Seismic Network first installation (OSN-1, Site
843, ION prototype)
1999
Conference on Multiple Platform Exploration
(COMPLEX) of the Ocean held in Vancouver,
Canada
1999–2001 Borehole seismo-geodetic observatories installation in
western Pacific (ION Sites, 1150, 1151, 1179, 1201)
2004
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) is started
utilizing three drilling platforms. The JOIDES
Resolution embarks on the first cruise (Expedition
301)
The first Mission-Specific Platform expedition of
ECORD (European Consortium for Ocean Research
Drilling) utilizes the Vidar Viking to core at the
Lomonosov Ridge in the Arctic Ocean through
the ice
Ocean Drilling, Table 2 (Continued )
2007
The first riser-equipped drillship Chikyu of JAMSTEC
(Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and
Technology) sails on IODP Expedition 314
2009
IODP New Ventures in Exploring Scientific Targets
(INVEST) Conference in Bremen, Germany, to set
the course of ocean drilling science in 2013 and
beyond
2012
Chikyu sets the deepest scientific coring depth at
2,466 m below seafloor (Exp. 337)
Chikyu installs thermistor string across the fault zone
of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake (M9.0). Recovered
with data in 2013
2013
The International Ocean Discovery Program succeeds
IODP
Ocean Drilling, Table 3 Data and reference publications from
ocean drilling programs
Reports from ocean expeditions
Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Projects, Vol. 1–96,
available online www.deepseadrilling.org, Scripps Inst.
Oceanography, USA, 1969–1986
Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program; Initial Reports, Vol.
101–210, available online www.odp.tamu.edu/publications/
pubs_lr.htm, Texas A&M U., USA, 1986–2004
Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program; Scientific Reports, Vol.
101–210, available online www.odp.tamu.edu/publications/
pubs_lr.htm, Texas A&M U., USA, 1988–2007
Preliminary Report of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Vol.
301–340 (as of 2013), available online publications.iodp.org/
proceedings, IODP Management International Inc., USA/Japan,
2004Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Vol.
301–336 (as of 2013), available online publications.iodp.org/
proceedings, IODP Management International Inc., USA/Japan,
2004Scientific Drilling Journal, available online (www.iodp.org), 2005-,
published by IODP and International Continental Scientific
Drilling Program
International planning documents guiding the programs
Earth, Oceans and Life, Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Initial
Science Plan, 2003–2013, pp. 110, IWG Support Office, Japan/
USA, 2001
Illuminating Earth’s Past, Present, and Future, Science Plan for
2013–2023, pp. 84, IODP Management International, Inc., 2011
Other publications available online at www.odplegacy.org/
program_admin/long_range.html
Core repositories
Bremen Core Repository in Bremen, Germany, hosts DSDP, ODP,
and IODP cores from the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean and
Black Seas and Arctic Ocean (http://www.marum.de/en/
IODP_Bremen_Core_Repository.html)
Gulf Coast Repository in Texas, USA, stores DSDP, ODP, and
IODP cores from the Pacific Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and Gulf
of Mexico, and the Southern Ocean (http://iodp.tamu.edu/
curation/gcr/)
Kochi Core Center (joint with Japan Agency for Marine Science and
Technology and Kochi University) in Kochi, Japan hosts DSDP,
ODP, and IODP cores from the Indian Ocean and seas of Asia and
Oceania (http://www.kochi-core.jp/en/)
OCEAN DRILLING
547