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concentration
compensation depth (1) depth at which the light intensity (compensation light
intensity) is just enough to balance photosynthesis (oxygen production) and
respiration (oxygen consumption) at a given moment; varies from species to
species; (2) depth below which the rate of dissolution of carbonate exceeds
the rate of deposition, ~carbonate dissolution.
compensation point depth at which oxygen production (~photosynthesis) is insufficient to meet respiration requirements for 24 h. Sometimes, however, considered equivalent to compensation depth (1).
competition, biological the struggle for food, space or other ecological requirements between two organisms that have similar ecological needs while neither can realize its requirements fully, and/or thereby interfere mutually
with breeding and survival. Such competition between species is called interspecific competition, within species, intraspecific competition. Competition may
be direct, as in the case of interspecific territoriality, and is termed interference competition. More indirect competition, such as that arising through
the joint use of limited resources, is termed exploitation competition.
Because it is always advantageous for either party in a competitive interaction to avoid the other whenever possible, competition presumably promotes the use of different resources and hence generates ecological diversity. Competition plays a major role in niche theory, as resource utilization
spectra (which are determined by competition) largely identify an ecological niche.
complexation a term describing all kinds of organic or inorganic complex formations possible. Such formations may be complexes of great stability
(some of them of living origin) but also complexes which, as for instance
chelation, comprise reversible reactions. In marine chemistry, theoretical
knowledge is rapidly increasing to understand the equilibria of inorganic
complexes of major and minor cations and anions in seawater.
compressibility of seawater reduction in volume due to pressure. Although the
compressibility of fluids (including water) is low, it cannot be neglected at
the high pressures that occur in the deep ocean. The compressibility is calculated from the in situ temperature and salinity, and pressure, which again
follows from the depth and the density of the overlying water.
compressional wave ~P-wave.
concentration an amount of substance per unit of volume (or weight). Chemical
concentrations were formerly often expressed as parts per thousand (ppt)
(%0), parts per million (ppm) or parts per billion (ppb) being respectively
grams, milligrams, or micrograms per 1000 g of seawater. When the amount
concentration
compensation depth (1) depth at which the light intensity (compensation light
intensity) is just enough to balance photosynthesis (oxygen production) and
respiration (oxygen consumption) at a given moment; varies from species to
species; (2) depth below which the rate of dissolution of carbonate exceeds
the rate of deposition, ~carbonate dissolution.
compensation point depth at which oxygen production (~photosynthesis) is insufficient to meet respiration requirements for 24 h. Sometimes, however, considered equivalent to compensation depth (1).
competition, biological the struggle for food, space or other ecological requirements between two organisms that have similar ecological needs while neither can realize its requirements fully, and/or thereby interfere mutually
with breeding and survival. Such competition between species is called interspecific competition, within species, intraspecific competition. Competition may
be direct, as in the case of interspecific territoriality, and is termed interference competition. More indirect competition, such as that arising through
the joint use of limited resources, is termed exploitation competition.
Because it is always advantageous for either party in a competitive interaction to avoid the other whenever possible, competition presumably promotes the use of different resources and hence generates ecological diversity. Competition plays a major role in niche theory, as resource utilization
spectra (which are determined by competition) largely identify an ecological niche.
complexation a term describing all kinds of organic or inorganic complex formations possible. Such formations may be complexes of great stability
(some of them of living origin) but also complexes which, as for instance
chelation, comprise reversible reactions. In marine chemistry, theoretical
knowledge is rapidly increasing to understand the equilibria of inorganic
complexes of major and minor cations and anions in seawater.
compressibility of seawater reduction in volume due to pressure. Although the
compressibility of fluids (including water) is low, it cannot be neglected at
the high pressures that occur in the deep ocean. The compressibility is calculated from the in situ temperature and salinity, and pressure, which again
follows from the depth and the density of the overlying water.
compressional wave ~P-wave.
concentration an amount of substance per unit of volume (or weight). Chemical
concentrations were formerly often expressed as parts per thousand (ppt)
(%0), parts per million (ppm) or parts per billion (ppb) being respectively
grams, milligrams, or micrograms per 1000 g of seawater. When the amount