color
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color (of seawater) visually the color of the sea may be affected by the reflection
at the sea surface of the light from the sky or from clouds. Besides this there
is the contribution by the upwelling light coming through the sea surface.
This is the result of a combination of absorption and scattering of light
which differ at different wavelengths. In very clear water the scattering is relatively high for blue light, whereas the absorption is relatively high for red
light. This gives a blue color. Dissolved substances and suspended particles
may change this relation and give a different color.
coloration in (marine) animals for animals colors generally function as inter- or
intraspecific signals. Intraspecific signals are functional in recognizing conspecific animals, animals of different sexes, and playa role in courtship behavior. Interspecific signals can be divided into different categories. (1) Cryptic
coloration (camouflage): animals resemble their natural background, or even
highly resemble the color and texture of their natural prey, on which they
live; (2) aposematic (warning) coloration: species are highly colored and conspicuous in their natural environment, indicating their unpalatability; (3)
mimicry: one or more palatable species mimic an aposematic model (Batesian
mimicry), or several aposematic species share the same color pattern
(Mullerian mimicry); (4) flight or flash coloration: animals increase their
chances of escape by means of flash colors.
comb-jellies --7Ctenophora.
commensalism relationship between organisms in which one takes a part or the
rests of the food collected by the other organism. --7parasites.
community assemblage of populations living in a given area with mutual interactions. Such communities are classified according to dominant species, indicator species, physical habitat, or type of community metabolism (e.g., based on rate
and efficiency of production). Communities are often only to a certain
degree stable. They may change drastically after certain catastrophes (e.g.,
oil spill) or they may gradually change in a sequence of successions with different dominant species. The succession ends in a climax community, which
often has the highest species diversity.
community metabolism total respiration in a community, but also used in a more
general sense. --7community.
compartment models ecological models that have been subdivided into a number of
compartments. These compartments may be constituents or state variables.
The term is also used to denote models that are subdivided into spatial compartments.
66
color (of seawater) visually the color of the sea may be affected by the reflection
at the sea surface of the light from the sky or from clouds. Besides this there
is the contribution by the upwelling light coming through the sea surface.
This is the result of a combination of absorption and scattering of light
which differ at different wavelengths. In very clear water the scattering is relatively high for blue light, whereas the absorption is relatively high for red
light. This gives a blue color. Dissolved substances and suspended particles
may change this relation and give a different color.
coloration in (marine) animals for animals colors generally function as inter- or
intraspecific signals. Intraspecific signals are functional in recognizing conspecific animals, animals of different sexes, and playa role in courtship behavior. Interspecific signals can be divided into different categories. (1) Cryptic
coloration (camouflage): animals resemble their natural background, or even
highly resemble the color and texture of their natural prey, on which they
live; (2) aposematic (warning) coloration: species are highly colored and conspicuous in their natural environment, indicating their unpalatability; (3)
mimicry: one or more palatable species mimic an aposematic model (Batesian
mimicry), or several aposematic species share the same color pattern
(Mullerian mimicry); (4) flight or flash coloration: animals increase their
chances of escape by means of flash colors.
comb-jellies --7Ctenophora.
commensalism relationship between organisms in which one takes a part or the
rests of the food collected by the other organism. --7parasites.
community assemblage of populations living in a given area with mutual interactions. Such communities are classified according to dominant species, indicator species, physical habitat, or type of community metabolism (e.g., based on rate
and efficiency of production). Communities are often only to a certain
degree stable. They may change drastically after certain catastrophes (e.g.,
oil spill) or they may gradually change in a sequence of successions with different dominant species. The succession ends in a climax community, which
often has the highest species diversity.
community metabolism total respiration in a community, but also used in a more
general sense. --7community.
compartment models ecological models that have been subdivided into a number of
compartments. These compartments may be constituents or state variables.
The term is also used to denote models that are subdivided into spatial compartments.