belemnites
26
P. Bouguer, 1729, and rediscovered by Lambert) is proportional to the concentration of solute c. Thus, Beer's law is logI/10 = -ecx, where c is the molar
concentration, I and 10 are the intensities of the measured and source light,
respectively, x is the thickness of the liquid layer and e is the molar extinction
coefficient. The absorption laws obey strictly only for monochromatic light.
belemnites (Belemnoidea) extinct order of the Cephalopoda with an internal shell.
They appeared in the fossil record from the Carboniferous to the end of the
Cretaceous.
Belgian Antarctic Expedition (1897-1899) the first expedition to overwinter in
Antarctic waters (at 72 OS) in the Bellinghausen Sea after their ship, the
BeZgica, was trapped accidentally by pack ice. Expedition leader A.V. de
Gerlache had an international staff including: the Norwegian R. Amundsen,
first lieutenant, and the Polish geologist Henryk Arctowski. Soundings and
other observations continued as far as possible during drifting in the pack
ice, astronomical and meteorological observations were even intensified.
The rich biological collections were published in a series of publications.
bell jars transparent (if light penetration is necessary) or dark jars that are placed in situ upside down on the seabed, thus enclosing part of the benthic system
plus some overlying water. Used to measure exchanges between sediment
and water of, e.g., oxygen, nutrients, organic compounds, etc. In deep areas,
bell jars are mounted in heavy frames, while automatic instruments stir the
enclosed water and register data provided by electronic sensors. Modern
bell jars are fully computerized, and operated with an acoustic release.
benthic referring to the sea bottom.
benthic boundary layer refers to the (water) layer just above and in the surface of
the seabed. The biological, chemical, and physical properties are controlled
by the presence of, and activity at, the boundary between the seabed and the
overlying water. The benthic boundary layer is of particular interest in studies on microbial activity, sedimentary processes, and transports of organic
matter, oxygen, and nutrients.
benthic community respiration measure of aerobic metabolic activity of the complete benthic system comprising benthic algae, animals and microorganisms.
Estimated from the decrease in oxygen concentration in enclosures containing an undisturbed sediment core with overlying water. Measurements can
be made on incubated sediment samples, or in situ with automatic equipment
on the seabed (e.g., in bell jars). The aim of such measurements is the estimation of the amount of organic matter used by the benthic system for respiration.
26
P. Bouguer, 1729, and rediscovered by Lambert) is proportional to the concentration of solute c. Thus, Beer's law is logI/10 = -ecx, where c is the molar
concentration, I and 10 are the intensities of the measured and source light,
respectively, x is the thickness of the liquid layer and e is the molar extinction
coefficient. The absorption laws obey strictly only for monochromatic light.
belemnites (Belemnoidea) extinct order of the Cephalopoda with an internal shell.
They appeared in the fossil record from the Carboniferous to the end of the
Cretaceous.
Belgian Antarctic Expedition (1897-1899) the first expedition to overwinter in
Antarctic waters (at 72 OS) in the Bellinghausen Sea after their ship, the
BeZgica, was trapped accidentally by pack ice. Expedition leader A.V. de
Gerlache had an international staff including: the Norwegian R. Amundsen,
first lieutenant, and the Polish geologist Henryk Arctowski. Soundings and
other observations continued as far as possible during drifting in the pack
ice, astronomical and meteorological observations were even intensified.
The rich biological collections were published in a series of publications.
bell jars transparent (if light penetration is necessary) or dark jars that are placed in situ upside down on the seabed, thus enclosing part of the benthic system
plus some overlying water. Used to measure exchanges between sediment
and water of, e.g., oxygen, nutrients, organic compounds, etc. In deep areas,
bell jars are mounted in heavy frames, while automatic instruments stir the
enclosed water and register data provided by electronic sensors. Modern
bell jars are fully computerized, and operated with an acoustic release.
benthic referring to the sea bottom.
benthic boundary layer refers to the (water) layer just above and in the surface of
the seabed. The biological, chemical, and physical properties are controlled
by the presence of, and activity at, the boundary between the seabed and the
overlying water. The benthic boundary layer is of particular interest in studies on microbial activity, sedimentary processes, and transports of organic
matter, oxygen, and nutrients.
benthic community respiration measure of aerobic metabolic activity of the complete benthic system comprising benthic algae, animals and microorganisms.
Estimated from the decrease in oxygen concentration in enclosures containing an undisturbed sediment core with overlying water. Measurements can
be made on incubated sediment samples, or in situ with automatic equipment
on the seabed (e.g., in bell jars). The aim of such measurements is the estimation of the amount of organic matter used by the benthic system for respiration.