wind factor
346
wind factor in empirical studies of the relation between wind and drift current
one often finds a linear relation, with a so-called wind factor, as a proportionality coefficient. ~drift current.
wind stress wind over sea exchanges momentum with the sea surface, partly by
generating wind waves. This process can be represented by a horizontal frictional force per unit of surface area of the sea, the wind stress. The wind
stress depends on the square of the wind speed, the density of the air and a
so-called drag coefficient that is often taken as constant, but appears to depend
on the atmospheric stability.
wind wave (wave generation) wave generated by wind blowing over the water surface. The exact mechanism of this process is not yet fully understood, but it
is an important process in the air-sea exchange of momentum. Empirical relations have been established, however, that allow the prediction of wave
height and period from meteorological data. In such predictions the distance over which the wind blows in a uniform direction and at a constant
speed (fetch) is an essential point. The fetch may be limited by the coast or
by the size of the wind field itself. If the duration and fetch of the wind are
long enough, a fully developed sea exists, in which gain and loss of momentum (dissipation, e.g., by breaking) are in equilibrium (~wave characteristics).
Winkler titration a chemical determination of oxygen dissolved in water, developed by the German chemist L.w. Winkler in 1888. An alkaline manganese
Mn 2 + solution reacts very fast with oxygen to higher oxidized Mn compounds. Such compounds react in acid medium with iodide to form iodine.
The yellow-brownish iodine solution is titrated with sodium thiosulfate to a
faint yellow color. The addition of a small amount of starch solution changes
the color to intense blue and the titration is continued until the solution is
colorless. In classic descriptive oceanography this oxygen determination
comes first after the characterization of a seawater sample by temperature
and salinity determinations. A precision> 0.1 % can be obtained with a photometric end-point detection and this version opens the possibility to study
open-sea in situ diurnal changes for primary production studies and very low
BOD (~biological oxygen demand) values. ~oxygen demand and ~oxygen.
World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE)(1990-2002) a component of the
world climate research project. Its fundamental aim is to develop improved
models of ocean circulation for use in climate prediction. Model development and description of the global ocean circulation based on a quasi synoptic global data set are its two main tasks. A large number of countries has
contributed to data collection in all the oceans along fixed transects. WOCE
measurements include also current measurements from moored current
meter arrays, the use of subsurface floats and drifter buoys, sea level meas-
346
wind factor in empirical studies of the relation between wind and drift current
one often finds a linear relation, with a so-called wind factor, as a proportionality coefficient. ~drift current.
wind stress wind over sea exchanges momentum with the sea surface, partly by
generating wind waves. This process can be represented by a horizontal frictional force per unit of surface area of the sea, the wind stress. The wind
stress depends on the square of the wind speed, the density of the air and a
so-called drag coefficient that is often taken as constant, but appears to depend
on the atmospheric stability.
wind wave (wave generation) wave generated by wind blowing over the water surface. The exact mechanism of this process is not yet fully understood, but it
is an important process in the air-sea exchange of momentum. Empirical relations have been established, however, that allow the prediction of wave
height and period from meteorological data. In such predictions the distance over which the wind blows in a uniform direction and at a constant
speed (fetch) is an essential point. The fetch may be limited by the coast or
by the size of the wind field itself. If the duration and fetch of the wind are
long enough, a fully developed sea exists, in which gain and loss of momentum (dissipation, e.g., by breaking) are in equilibrium (~wave characteristics).
Winkler titration a chemical determination of oxygen dissolved in water, developed by the German chemist L.w. Winkler in 1888. An alkaline manganese
Mn 2 + solution reacts very fast with oxygen to higher oxidized Mn compounds. Such compounds react in acid medium with iodide to form iodine.
The yellow-brownish iodine solution is titrated with sodium thiosulfate to a
faint yellow color. The addition of a small amount of starch solution changes
the color to intense blue and the titration is continued until the solution is
colorless. In classic descriptive oceanography this oxygen determination
comes first after the characterization of a seawater sample by temperature
and salinity determinations. A precision> 0.1 % can be obtained with a photometric end-point detection and this version opens the possibility to study
open-sea in situ diurnal changes for primary production studies and very low
BOD (~biological oxygen demand) values. ~oxygen demand and ~oxygen.
World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE)(1990-2002) a component of the
world climate research project. Its fundamental aim is to develop improved
models of ocean circulation for use in climate prediction. Model development and description of the global ocean circulation based on a quasi synoptic global data set are its two main tasks. A large number of countries has
contributed to data collection in all the oceans along fixed transects. WOCE
measurements include also current measurements from moored current
meter arrays, the use of subsurface floats and drifter buoys, sea level meas-