bathymetry
24
bathymetry (the study of) depth distribution, where depth is the distance between seabed and mean sea level.
bathypelagic zone ~zonation.
bathyscaphe literally "depth ship" a gasoline-filled "underwater balloon" with a
gondola for passengers that is used to descend to the deep ocean floor.
Auguste Piccard persuaded the Belgian government in 1948 to pay for a
bathyscaphe, which was wrecked in the same year. Piccard with his son
Jacques Piccard found an Italian sponsor for another one, the Trieste in
which they dived to 3500 feet (-1070 m) off Naples. G.S. Houot and P.H.
Willm in 1954 dived down to 13 000 feet ( -4000 m) off Dakar and in 1960 J.
Piccard descended to the bottom of the Mariana Trench, 11030 m deep. A large
fleet of manned research submarines is now available of which the smaller
Alvin class is best known, but complete underwater laboratories also exist
such as the US Navy's Sealab.
bathysphere (1930-1934) a spherical diving chamber lowered from a ship,
invented and used by Otis Barton and William Beebe between 1930 and
1934; in 1930 they reached 1000 feet (-305 m), in 19322200 (-670 m) and in
19343028 feet (-923 m; the end of the line). Beebe vividly describes in Half
mile down the strange and often unknown animals he, as the first man
diving to these depths, saw. This opened a completely new way of studying
the ocean, ~bathyscaphe.
bathythermograph instrument that records the variation of temperature with
depth. These instruments have been devised to be launched from a ship
underway, so that in a rather short time, by successive launches, a picture
can be obtained of the thermal structure of the upper layers of the ocean.
The first instruments measured temperature and pressure by mechanical
means and the record was a trace made by a pen on a small sooted plate of
glass. They were dropped from the ship, attached to a freely running wire on
which they were hauled aboard again to recover the record. Now they have
been replaced by expendable bathythermographs (abbreviation: XBT) that
measure temperature electrically and send their signal to the ship via a thin
electric wire that breaks when the instrument has reached its maximal
depth.
bdellovibrios small vibroid microorganisms which have the unique property of
preying on other bacteria, using as nutrients the cytoplasmic constituents of
their hosts. These bacterial predators are small, highly motile cells, which
stick to the surface of their prey cells.
24
bathymetry (the study of) depth distribution, where depth is the distance between seabed and mean sea level.
bathypelagic zone ~zonation.
bathyscaphe literally "depth ship" a gasoline-filled "underwater balloon" with a
gondola for passengers that is used to descend to the deep ocean floor.
Auguste Piccard persuaded the Belgian government in 1948 to pay for a
bathyscaphe, which was wrecked in the same year. Piccard with his son
Jacques Piccard found an Italian sponsor for another one, the Trieste in
which they dived to 3500 feet (-1070 m) off Naples. G.S. Houot and P.H.
Willm in 1954 dived down to 13 000 feet ( -4000 m) off Dakar and in 1960 J.
Piccard descended to the bottom of the Mariana Trench, 11030 m deep. A large
fleet of manned research submarines is now available of which the smaller
Alvin class is best known, but complete underwater laboratories also exist
such as the US Navy's Sealab.
bathysphere (1930-1934) a spherical diving chamber lowered from a ship,
invented and used by Otis Barton and William Beebe between 1930 and
1934; in 1930 they reached 1000 feet (-305 m), in 19322200 (-670 m) and in
19343028 feet (-923 m; the end of the line). Beebe vividly describes in Half
mile down the strange and often unknown animals he, as the first man
diving to these depths, saw. This opened a completely new way of studying
the ocean, ~bathyscaphe.
bathythermograph instrument that records the variation of temperature with
depth. These instruments have been devised to be launched from a ship
underway, so that in a rather short time, by successive launches, a picture
can be obtained of the thermal structure of the upper layers of the ocean.
The first instruments measured temperature and pressure by mechanical
means and the record was a trace made by a pen on a small sooted plate of
glass. They were dropped from the ship, attached to a freely running wire on
which they were hauled aboard again to recover the record. Now they have
been replaced by expendable bathythermographs (abbreviation: XBT) that
measure temperature electrically and send their signal to the ship via a thin
electric wire that breaks when the instrument has reached its maximal
depth.
bdellovibrios small vibroid microorganisms which have the unique property of
preying on other bacteria, using as nutrients the cytoplasmic constituents of
their hosts. These bacterial predators are small, highly motile cells, which
stick to the surface of their prey cells.