93
Discovery Expeditions
phase. Formerly, these organisms were not seen as algae, but as unicellular
animals (Protozoa) and formed an order (Dinoflagellida or Pyrrophyta) of the
subphylum Mastigophora (phylum Sarcomastigophora). Photosynthetic
(-7photosynthesis) forms contain chlorophyll-c and peridinin. They store starch
outside the plastids. Cell walls, if present, consist of cellulose lined by
sporopollenin. The walls of resting spores (-7resting stages) are wholly made
up of sporopollenin. Phagotrophs, ecto-, and endo-parasites, bioluminescence, and
toxic blooms are found in this phylum. Corals have dinoflagellate endosymbionts. The colorless Protoperidinium and Noctiluca, and the pigmented
Gonyaulax and Ceratium are important in marine phytoplankton. Fossil
resting spores are found in sediments from the Silurian onwards.
Dinophyceae (dinoflagellates) -7Dinoflagellata.
discards the part of the commercial catch that is disposed of at sea after being
hauled on board.
discoasters star- or rosette-shaped calcareous nanofossils (-7microfossil) of still
unknown origin probably related to coccoliths. Widely used for zonation of
paleogene sediments and for the determination of the Pliocene-Pleistocene
boundary, because of their extinction at the end of the Pliocene.
Discovery Expeditions (1) 1901-1903 also known as the British Antarctic Expedition under R.E Scott. The Discovery, a wooden sailing ship with auxiliary
power entered the Ross Sea ice shelf to over 82 oS, before overwintering at
McMurdo Sound. R.E Scott made an attempt to reach the South Pole together with E. Shackleton and E. A. Wilson. The main achievement of the expedition was a description of the physical geography of the McMurdo Sound
area. For the first time a tethered balloon was used to study the area from
the air. The detailed magnetic record showed a synchrony in disturbances in
the Arctic and Antarctic. Vast collections of biological material were made
by E.A. Wilson and T.V. Hodgson, described in five volumes published by the
British Museum; (2) 1925-1951 a series of expeditions with Discovery J, II,
and the William Scoresby forming the first Antarctic investigations to conduct a coherent program of research over most of the region for a period of
many years. Its main purpose was to study the whale population, anticipating its decline due to reckless killing. A more complete picture emerged of
the water masses, currents and ice of the Southern Ocean. H.EP. Herdm
main source of Antarctic Bottom Water and the stability of the Polar Front.
ED. Ommanney, T.J. Hart and A.C. Hardy were amongst the now famous
biologists of these expeditions. Hardy invented his Continuous Plankton Recorder
to study patchiness of phytoplankton, first used successfully in 1926 in the
Drake Passage. It was later also used in regular surveys in the North Sea and
Discovery Expeditions
phase. Formerly, these organisms were not seen as algae, but as unicellular
animals (Protozoa) and formed an order (Dinoflagellida or Pyrrophyta) of the
subphylum Mastigophora (phylum Sarcomastigophora). Photosynthetic
(-7photosynthesis) forms contain chlorophyll-c and peridinin. They store starch
outside the plastids. Cell walls, if present, consist of cellulose lined by
sporopollenin. The walls of resting spores (-7resting stages) are wholly made
up of sporopollenin. Phagotrophs, ecto-, and endo-parasites, bioluminescence, and
toxic blooms are found in this phylum. Corals have dinoflagellate endosymbionts. The colorless Protoperidinium and Noctiluca, and the pigmented
Gonyaulax and Ceratium are important in marine phytoplankton. Fossil
resting spores are found in sediments from the Silurian onwards.
Dinophyceae (dinoflagellates) -7Dinoflagellata.
discards the part of the commercial catch that is disposed of at sea after being
hauled on board.
discoasters star- or rosette-shaped calcareous nanofossils (-7microfossil) of still
unknown origin probably related to coccoliths. Widely used for zonation of
paleogene sediments and for the determination of the Pliocene-Pleistocene
boundary, because of their extinction at the end of the Pliocene.
Discovery Expeditions (1) 1901-1903 also known as the British Antarctic Expedition under R.E Scott. The Discovery, a wooden sailing ship with auxiliary
power entered the Ross Sea ice shelf to over 82 oS, before overwintering at
McMurdo Sound. R.E Scott made an attempt to reach the South Pole together with E. Shackleton and E. A. Wilson. The main achievement of the expedition was a description of the physical geography of the McMurdo Sound
area. For the first time a tethered balloon was used to study the area from
the air. The detailed magnetic record showed a synchrony in disturbances in
the Arctic and Antarctic. Vast collections of biological material were made
by E.A. Wilson and T.V. Hodgson, described in five volumes published by the
British Museum; (2) 1925-1951 a series of expeditions with Discovery J, II,
and the William Scoresby forming the first Antarctic investigations to conduct a coherent program of research over most of the region for a period of
many years. Its main purpose was to study the whale population, anticipating its decline due to reckless killing. A more complete picture emerged of
the water masses, currents and ice of the Southern Ocean. H.EP. Herdm
main source of Antarctic Bottom Water and the stability of the Polar Front.
ED. Ommanney, T.J. Hart and A.C. Hardy were amongst the now famous
biologists of these expeditions. Hardy invented his Continuous Plankton Recorder
to study patchiness of phytoplankton, first used successfully in 1926 in the
Drake Passage. It was later also used in regular surveys in the North Sea and