440
Index
Tidal forcing, 16, 32, 45, 46, 137, 142,
148–150, 216, 381
Tide gauge, 59
Time available for combating with the oil
pollution, 388–391
Time it takes for the pollution to reach a
vulnerable area, 1, 15, 19, 21, 320,
324, 325, 336, 368, 417
Time it takes for the pollution to reach the
coast, 19, 23, 304, 306, 307, 311,
322, 336, 351, 352, 383
Time lag, 207, 258, 264, 299, 301, 304, 308,
310, 335, 344
Time scale, 84, 85, 102, 105, 113, 114, 118,
123, 184, 203, 206, 207, 210, 216,
217, 261, 264, 275, 276, 283, 286,
292, 294, 299, 300, 302, 307, 310,
312, 313, 324, 326, 338
advective, 113
climatological, 57
overturning, 113, 114
seasonal, 313
synoptic, 313
Time splitting scheme, 329, 330
Time step, 72, 77–81, 83, 85, 86, 93, 104, 105,
226, 235, 236, 240, 241, 243, 247,
256–258, 268, 297, 300–302, 330,
332, 334
baroclinic, 112, 116, 295, 330
barotropic, 295, 330
Time window, 298, 299, 305–310, 312,
335–338, 340, 354, 361
Time-stepping method, 234, 236, 238, 240,
247
Tjuters, 186
Tjuters, Malyi (Pieni Tytärsaari, also Väike
Tütarsaar), 341
Topographic control, 32, 113, 131, 134, 144,
148, 151, 157, 162, 189, 205, 209,
213, 214, 216, 302, 382, 405
Topography, 32, 33, 45, 56, 57, 59–61, 84, 96,
113, 116, 134, 135, 140, 142, 148,
154, 157, 161, 181, 183, 188, 200,
328, 370, 383, 389, 406, 408, 409,
411
Torm Ragnhild, 397
Tourist industry, 13
Toxic algae, 294
Toxic level of oil, 374, 377
Tracer, 15, 16, 106, 117–124, 144, 152, 153,
226–228, 232, 243, 244, 255, 300,
310–312, 376
Eulerian, 102, 105, 117, 121, 123–125, 227
passive, 106, 116–118, 124, 125, 153, 227,
283, 286, 293, 326, 369
Tracer age, 144
Tracer concentration, 121, 123
Tracer equation, 227
Tracer model, 105, 106
Tracking scheme, 300
TRACMASS, 22, 225–228, 232, 234, 235,
238–241, 243, 244, 246, 247,
255–257, 267, 268, 276, 283, 294,
297, 299–303, 307–309, 322, 332,
333, 344, 354, 356, 362
Traditional approximation, 106
Trajectory, 1, 8, 16, 20, 21, 105, 225–235,
237–247, 251–253, 256–260, 262,
264–272, 275, 276, 278, 279, 294,
296–298, 300–304, 307, 309, 320,
322, 323, 332–336, 339, 341, 344,
345, 352, 354, 355, 359, 361, 370,
374–377
Lagrangian, 256, 283, 286, 293, 294,
296–309, 311–313
Trajectory calculation, 226, 227, 234, 240,
297, 298, 309, 313, 332, 333, 374,
382
off-line, 105, 226, 256, 297, 332, 334
on-line, 226, 227, 235, 256, 333–335, 337
Trajectory equation, 334
Trajectory model, 225, 226, 243, 246, 307,
329, 332
Trajectory solution, 232, 240
Transit time, 9, 117, 229, 231, 236, 237
Transition zone, 139, 142, 143, 150, 156, 161,
162, 186, 188, 287, 332, 380, 381,
418
Transoceanic crossing, 10
Transport, 57, 77, 137, 151
barotropic, 143, 152
bulk, 283, 307–310, 312, 313, 326, 353
counter-estuarine, 158
current-driven, 16, 17, 23, 37, 60, 206, 216,
217, 285, 286, 289, 292, 293, 296,
298, 302, 307, 313, 319–321, 323,
326, 338, 358, 361, 362, 368, 370,
417, 418
Eulerian, 18, 22, 299
horizontal, 158, 379
Lagrangian, 22, 286, 292, 293, 298–300,
307, 310, 311, 313, 322
meridional, 245, 310, 312
net, 53, 134, 207, 283, 307–313, 326, 339,
353
onshore, 405
semi-persistent, 53, 289, 307
Index
Tidal forcing, 16, 32, 45, 46, 137, 142,
148–150, 216, 381
Tide gauge, 59
Time available for combating with the oil
pollution, 388–391
Time it takes for the pollution to reach a
vulnerable area, 1, 15, 19, 21, 320,
324, 325, 336, 368, 417
Time it takes for the pollution to reach the
coast, 19, 23, 304, 306, 307, 311,
322, 336, 351, 352, 383
Time lag, 207, 258, 264, 299, 301, 304, 308,
310, 335, 344
Time scale, 84, 85, 102, 105, 113, 114, 118,
123, 184, 203, 206, 207, 210, 216,
217, 261, 264, 275, 276, 283, 286,
292, 294, 299, 300, 302, 307, 310,
312, 313, 324, 326, 338
advective, 113
climatological, 57
overturning, 113, 114
seasonal, 313
synoptic, 313
Time splitting scheme, 329, 330
Time step, 72, 77–81, 83, 85, 86, 93, 104, 105,
226, 235, 236, 240, 241, 243, 247,
256–258, 268, 297, 300–302, 330,
332, 334
baroclinic, 112, 116, 295, 330
barotropic, 295, 330
Time window, 298, 299, 305–310, 312,
335–338, 340, 354, 361
Time-stepping method, 234, 236, 238, 240,
247
Tjuters, 186
Tjuters, Malyi (Pieni Tytärsaari, also Väike
Tütarsaar), 341
Topographic control, 32, 113, 131, 134, 144,
148, 151, 157, 162, 189, 205, 209,
213, 214, 216, 302, 382, 405
Topography, 32, 33, 45, 56, 57, 59–61, 84, 96,
113, 116, 134, 135, 140, 142, 148,
154, 157, 161, 181, 183, 188, 200,
328, 370, 383, 389, 406, 408, 409,
411
Torm Ragnhild, 397
Tourist industry, 13
Toxic algae, 294
Toxic level of oil, 374, 377
Tracer, 15, 16, 106, 117–124, 144, 152, 153,
226–228, 232, 243, 244, 255, 300,
310–312, 376
Eulerian, 102, 105, 117, 121, 123–125, 227
passive, 106, 116–118, 124, 125, 153, 227,
283, 286, 293, 326, 369
Tracer age, 144
Tracer concentration, 121, 123
Tracer equation, 227
Tracer model, 105, 106
Tracking scheme, 300
TRACMASS, 22, 225–228, 232, 234, 235,
238–241, 243, 244, 246, 247,
255–257, 267, 268, 276, 283, 294,
297, 299–303, 307–309, 322, 332,
333, 344, 354, 356, 362
Traditional approximation, 106
Trajectory, 1, 8, 16, 20, 21, 105, 225–235,
237–247, 251–253, 256–260, 262,
264–272, 275, 276, 278, 279, 294,
296–298, 300–304, 307, 309, 320,
322, 323, 332–336, 339, 341, 344,
345, 352, 354, 355, 359, 361, 370,
374–377
Lagrangian, 256, 283, 286, 293, 294,
296–309, 311–313
Trajectory calculation, 226, 227, 234, 240,
297, 298, 309, 313, 332, 333, 374,
382
off-line, 105, 226, 256, 297, 332, 334
on-line, 226, 227, 235, 256, 333–335, 337
Trajectory equation, 334
Trajectory model, 225, 226, 243, 246, 307,
329, 332
Trajectory solution, 232, 240
Transit time, 9, 117, 229, 231, 236, 237
Transition zone, 139, 142, 143, 150, 156, 161,
162, 186, 188, 287, 332, 380, 381,
418
Transoceanic crossing, 10
Transport, 57, 77, 137, 151
barotropic, 143, 152
bulk, 283, 307–310, 312, 313, 326, 353
counter-estuarine, 158
current-driven, 16, 17, 23, 37, 60, 206, 216,
217, 285, 286, 289, 292, 293, 296,
298, 302, 307, 313, 319–321, 323,
326, 338, 358, 361, 362, 368, 370,
417, 418
Eulerian, 18, 22, 299
horizontal, 158, 379
Lagrangian, 22, 286, 292, 293, 298–300,
307, 310, 311, 313, 322
meridional, 245, 310, 312
net, 53, 134, 207, 283, 307–313, 326, 339,
353
onshore, 405
semi-persistent, 53, 289, 307