Index
437
vertical, 50, 56, 96, 111, 112, 116, 188,
211, 328–330, 332, 359, 381
Reversal, 35, 213
Reversible, 92
Reynolds, 93
Reynolds number, 91, 92
Reynolds stress, 41, 42, 94
Reynolds–Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS)
equation, 94
Rhodes gyre, 160, 161
Richardson number, 112, 197
Richardson’s law, 251, 269–271, 273, 274, 277
Riga, 254, 278
Rigid lid approximation, 98
Rim Current, 158, 166
Ringhals, 114
Risk equation, 4, 5, 11, 12, 19, 368
Risk of coastal pollution, 334
Risk parameter, 383
River, 41, 43, 45, 68, 83, 116–118, 120, 134,
135, 152, 160, 161, 166, 187, 193,
196, 203, 205, 207, 215, 290, 331,
370, 375, 381, 385
River discharge, 16, 59, 112, 133, 183, 186,
187, 215, 297, 331, 381, 385
River inflow, 118, 131, 133, 187, 295
River runoff, 32, 35, 36, 45, 60, 109, 112, 115,
116, 133, 134, 138, 146, 160, 161,
164, 169, 185, 187, 189, 190, 196,
206, 207, 209, 211, 214, 216, 256,
291, 312, 345, 355, 386
Road, road transport, 2, 7, 8, 12
Rossby Centre Ocean Model, RCO, 86, 106,
112–118, 255, 256, 260–262,
264–267, 275–277, 283, 294, 295,
297, 299, 301, 303, 307–310,
329–333, 335, 344, 347, 349, 352,
354–356, 361, 362, 378
Rossby number, 43
Rossby radius, 43, 44, 202, 204
baroclinic, 32, 44, 60, 102, 116, 136, 141,
158, 181, 204, 209–211, 217, 272,
288, 289, 291, 295, 309, 313, 328,
358, 361
barotropic, 44
Rotating reference frame, 41, 84, 86, 87
Rotation, 48, 50, 87, 142, 350
clockwise, 140
Rotational effect, 46, 136, 141, 142
Roundoff, 80
Royal National Park, 2
Rügen, 291
Runge–Kutta method, 226, 238, 247
Running mean, 262, 264, 267, 275
Russia, 103, 182, 185, 345, 372, 387, 389, 392
S
Saint Petersburg, 22, 187, 287, 348, 350, 372,
392–394, 397, 399–401
Saint Petersburg flood barrier, 195, 210
Saline contraction coefficient, 165
Salinity, 35–37, 39–41, 45, 83, 84, 91, 92, 99,
106–109, 111, 113, 118, 119,
133–135, 138, 143, 144, 146, 147,
151, 153, 154, 157, 160–164,
166–169, 181, 187–191, 204, 209,
226, 240, 246, 255, 256, 275, 329,
331, 340, 358, 375, 378, 379, 382
Salinity anomaly, 157
Salinity budget, 134, 146
Salinity gradient, 162, 182, 188, 216, 288, 328,
385
horizontal, 188, 206
Salinity unit, 36, 190
Salt diffusivity, 93
Salt exchange, 140
Salt flux, 108, 109
Sardinia, Strait of, 168
Satellite information, 136–138, 145, 195, 196
Saturation process, 380
Scandinavia, 255
Scattering ellips, 210
Scotland, 381
Sea
semi-enclosed, 2, 3, 15, 17, 23, 113, 131,
132, 135, 137, 139, 142, 151, 154,
164, 171, 183, 322, 373, 409
shelf, 2, 32, 50, 136, 216
Sea breeze, 198
Sea level, 33, 60, 96, 104, 108, 111–114, 133,
135–138, 143, 145, 146, 158, 159,
197, 198
Sea level anomaly, 136, 143, 146
Sea level gradient, 51
Sea level pressure, 114, 161, 295
Sea level rise, 2, 32, 33
Sea of Marmara, see Marmara, Sea of
Sea surface, 2, 5, 7, 21, 23, 32, 37, 39, 42, 45,
47–49, 51, 98, 103, 107–109,
117–119, 135, 137, 138, 152, 153,
163, 165, 191, 195, 200, 201, 203,
204, 211, 215, 232, 255, 277, 288,
296, 319
Sea surface elevation, 147, 234
Sea surface height, 32, 45, 160, 216, 256
Sea surface salinity, 143, 162–164, 190, 207
437
vertical, 50, 56, 96, 111, 112, 116, 188,
211, 328–330, 332, 359, 381
Reversal, 35, 213
Reversible, 92
Reynolds, 93
Reynolds number, 91, 92
Reynolds stress, 41, 42, 94
Reynolds–Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS)
equation, 94
Rhodes gyre, 160, 161
Richardson number, 112, 197
Richardson’s law, 251, 269–271, 273, 274, 277
Riga, 254, 278
Rigid lid approximation, 98
Rim Current, 158, 166
Ringhals, 114
Risk equation, 4, 5, 11, 12, 19, 368
Risk of coastal pollution, 334
Risk parameter, 383
River, 41, 43, 45, 68, 83, 116–118, 120, 134,
135, 152, 160, 161, 166, 187, 193,
196, 203, 205, 207, 215, 290, 331,
370, 375, 381, 385
River discharge, 16, 59, 112, 133, 183, 186,
187, 215, 297, 331, 381, 385
River inflow, 118, 131, 133, 187, 295
River runoff, 32, 35, 36, 45, 60, 109, 112, 115,
116, 133, 134, 138, 146, 160, 161,
164, 169, 185, 187, 189, 190, 196,
206, 207, 209, 211, 214, 216, 256,
291, 312, 345, 355, 386
Road, road transport, 2, 7, 8, 12
Rossby Centre Ocean Model, RCO, 86, 106,
112–118, 255, 256, 260–262,
264–267, 275–277, 283, 294, 295,
297, 299, 301, 303, 307–310,
329–333, 335, 344, 347, 349, 352,
354–356, 361, 362, 378
Rossby number, 43
Rossby radius, 43, 44, 202, 204
baroclinic, 32, 44, 60, 102, 116, 136, 141,
158, 181, 204, 209–211, 217, 272,
288, 289, 291, 295, 309, 313, 328,
358, 361
barotropic, 44
Rotating reference frame, 41, 84, 86, 87
Rotation, 48, 50, 87, 142, 350
clockwise, 140
Rotational effect, 46, 136, 141, 142
Roundoff, 80
Royal National Park, 2
Rügen, 291
Runge–Kutta method, 226, 238, 247
Running mean, 262, 264, 267, 275
Russia, 103, 182, 185, 345, 372, 387, 389, 392
S
Saint Petersburg, 22, 187, 287, 348, 350, 372,
392–394, 397, 399–401
Saint Petersburg flood barrier, 195, 210
Saline contraction coefficient, 165
Salinity, 35–37, 39–41, 45, 83, 84, 91, 92, 99,
106–109, 111, 113, 118, 119,
133–135, 138, 143, 144, 146, 147,
151, 153, 154, 157, 160–164,
166–169, 181, 187–191, 204, 209,
226, 240, 246, 255, 256, 275, 329,
331, 340, 358, 375, 378, 379, 382
Salinity anomaly, 157
Salinity budget, 134, 146
Salinity gradient, 162, 182, 188, 216, 288, 328,
385
horizontal, 188, 206
Salinity unit, 36, 190
Salt diffusivity, 93
Salt exchange, 140
Salt flux, 108, 109
Sardinia, Strait of, 168
Satellite information, 136–138, 145, 195, 196
Saturation process, 380
Scandinavia, 255
Scattering ellips, 210
Scotland, 381
Sea
semi-enclosed, 2, 3, 15, 17, 23, 113, 131,
132, 135, 137, 139, 142, 151, 154,
164, 171, 183, 322, 373, 409
shelf, 2, 32, 50, 136, 216
Sea breeze, 198
Sea level, 33, 60, 96, 104, 108, 111–114, 133,
135–138, 143, 145, 146, 158, 159,
197, 198
Sea level anomaly, 136, 143, 146
Sea level gradient, 51
Sea level pressure, 114, 161, 295
Sea level rise, 2, 32, 33
Sea of Marmara, see Marmara, Sea of
Sea surface, 2, 5, 7, 21, 23, 32, 37, 39, 42, 45,
47–49, 51, 98, 103, 107–109,
117–119, 135, 137, 138, 152, 153,
163, 165, 191, 195, 200, 201, 203,
204, 211, 215, 232, 255, 277, 288,
296, 319
Sea surface elevation, 147, 234
Sea surface height, 32, 45, 160, 216, 256
Sea surface salinity, 143, 162–164, 190, 207