436
Index
Precipitation, 16, 60, 83, 108, 109, 114, 131,
133, 134, 146, 187, 188, 201, 215,
295, 330
Predictor–corrector method, 82
Pressure anomaly, 115
Pressure gradient, 32, 42, 43, 45, 50, 51, 89,
90, 96, 97, 137, 188, 203, 216, 402
horizontal, 42, 83, 89
Pressure (physical), 41, 51, 67, 83, 88–91, 107,
111, 246
Prestige, 6, 7, 372
Preventive maritime planning strategy, 6
Preventive reduction of environmental risks, 13
Primitive equation model, 155, 295, 329, 330,
378
Primitive equations, 90, 106, 111, 114, 139,
168
Princeton Ocean Model, POM, 154
Probability for different offshore areas to serve
as starting points of pollution that
hits a coast, 383
Probability of coastal pollution, 19, 292, 294,
303, 306, 307, 319, 325, 336–342,
344–361, 418, 419
Probability of current-driven transport of
pollution to a vulnerable area, 1, 15,
16, 19, 21, 319, 320, 322, 324, 325,
368
Probability of oil landing, 369, 383, 384,
387–393, 406–409, 411
Prognostic equation, 107, 110
Propagation scenario, 294
Propagation time, 299
Propulsion, 396
Propulsion model, 396, 397, 399
Pycnocline, 84, 158, 164, 166, 168
secondary, 210
Q
Quadratic friction law, 111
Quadratic stress formula, 98, 379
Quantification of offshore, 1, 15, 18, 19
R
Radar, 171
Radiation, 60, 201
long-wave, 109, 112, 114, 330
short-wave, 109, 110, 114, 330, 379
solar, 37, 38, 83, 112, 192, 197, 201, 329,
385
terrestrial, 201, 202
total, 201
Radiation budget, 37, 191, 201
Radiation condition, 99, 118
Radiation stress, 403, 404
Radioactive substance, 8, 117, 286, 296, 377
Rail, rail transport, 2, 7, 12
Random disturbance, 301
Random noise, 241
Random perturbation, 240–243, 256, 276
Random transport model, 207
Random velocity, 240, 241
Random walk, 125, 243, 244, 272
Ratio of net and bulk transport, 283, 309, 310,
312, 313
Rauma, 55
Rayleigh–Taylor instability, 67
RCA model, 255, 256, 275, 277
RCAO model, 255
RCO, see Rossby Centre Ocean Model, RCO
Reanalysis (meteorological), 98, 115, 233
Red Sea, 132
Reduced gravity, 141, 151
Reference density, 86, 89, 107
Regime shift, 57
Regional geometry, 134
Regional Ocean Modelling System (ROMS),
96
Relaxation time, 47
Remote danger, 12, 319, 417
Remote impact, 321, 322
Remote influence, 1, 6, 12, 14
Remote sensing, 184, 209
Renewal, 117, 189, 215, 338
Renewal index, 215
Renewal time, 335
Rescue boat, 16, 285, 319
Rescue operation, 252
Residence time of oil at sea, 295, 369,
383–385, 388–392, 406–409
characteristic, 385
Residence time of water, 144, 184, 215, 339
Residual flow, 146, 205, 206, 210
Resistance, 396, 397, 400, 410, 411
shallow water, 399–401
still water, 396
Resolution
horizontal, 58, 60, 82, 83, 85, 111–113,
115, 116, 151, 159–161, 197, 204,
211, 255, 288, 295, 298, 326, 327,
329–333, 340–344, 347, 349, 353,
358–361, 368, 381–384, 391, 404,
418, 419
spatial, 60, 84, 252, 265, 277, 278, 296,
298, 300, 301, 380
temporal, 21, 60, 82, 114, 166, 168, 214,
261, 295–299, 326, 330–332, 334,
374, 381
Index
Precipitation, 16, 60, 83, 108, 109, 114, 131,
133, 134, 146, 187, 188, 201, 215,
295, 330
Predictor–corrector method, 82
Pressure anomaly, 115
Pressure gradient, 32, 42, 43, 45, 50, 51, 89,
90, 96, 97, 137, 188, 203, 216, 402
horizontal, 42, 83, 89
Pressure (physical), 41, 51, 67, 83, 88–91, 107,
111, 246
Prestige, 6, 7, 372
Preventive maritime planning strategy, 6
Preventive reduction of environmental risks, 13
Primitive equation model, 155, 295, 329, 330,
378
Primitive equations, 90, 106, 111, 114, 139,
168
Princeton Ocean Model, POM, 154
Probability for different offshore areas to serve
as starting points of pollution that
hits a coast, 383
Probability of coastal pollution, 19, 292, 294,
303, 306, 307, 319, 325, 336–342,
344–361, 418, 419
Probability of current-driven transport of
pollution to a vulnerable area, 1, 15,
16, 19, 21, 319, 320, 322, 324, 325,
368
Probability of oil landing, 369, 383, 384,
387–393, 406–409, 411
Prognostic equation, 107, 110
Propagation scenario, 294
Propagation time, 299
Propulsion, 396
Propulsion model, 396, 397, 399
Pycnocline, 84, 158, 164, 166, 168
secondary, 210
Q
Quadratic friction law, 111
Quadratic stress formula, 98, 379
Quantification of offshore, 1, 15, 18, 19
R
Radar, 171
Radiation, 60, 201
long-wave, 109, 112, 114, 330
short-wave, 109, 110, 114, 330, 379
solar, 37, 38, 83, 112, 192, 197, 201, 329,
385
terrestrial, 201, 202
total, 201
Radiation budget, 37, 191, 201
Radiation condition, 99, 118
Radiation stress, 403, 404
Radioactive substance, 8, 117, 286, 296, 377
Rail, rail transport, 2, 7, 12
Random disturbance, 301
Random noise, 241
Random perturbation, 240–243, 256, 276
Random transport model, 207
Random velocity, 240, 241
Random walk, 125, 243, 244, 272
Ratio of net and bulk transport, 283, 309, 310,
312, 313
Rauma, 55
Rayleigh–Taylor instability, 67
RCA model, 255, 256, 275, 277
RCAO model, 255
RCO, see Rossby Centre Ocean Model, RCO
Reanalysis (meteorological), 98, 115, 233
Red Sea, 132
Reduced gravity, 141, 151
Reference density, 86, 89, 107
Regime shift, 57
Regional geometry, 134
Regional Ocean Modelling System (ROMS),
96
Relaxation time, 47
Remote danger, 12, 319, 417
Remote impact, 321, 322
Remote influence, 1, 6, 12, 14
Remote sensing, 184, 209
Renewal, 117, 189, 215, 338
Renewal index, 215
Renewal time, 335
Rescue boat, 16, 285, 319
Rescue operation, 252
Residence time of oil at sea, 295, 369,
383–385, 388–392, 406–409
characteristic, 385
Residence time of water, 144, 184, 215, 339
Residual flow, 146, 205, 206, 210
Resistance, 396, 397, 400, 410, 411
shallow water, 399–401
still water, 396
Resolution
horizontal, 58, 60, 82, 83, 85, 111–113,
115, 116, 151, 159–161, 197, 204,
211, 255, 288, 295, 298, 326, 327,
329–333, 340–344, 347, 349, 353,
358–361, 368, 381–384, 391, 404,
418, 419
spatial, 60, 84, 252, 265, 277, 278, 296,
298, 300, 301, 380
temporal, 21, 60, 82, 114, 166, 168, 214,
261, 295–299, 326, 330–332, 334,
374, 381