Index
435
Oil drift and fate, 8, 121, 252, 277, 296, 321,
368–370, 379, 383, 409–411
Oil drift and fate model, 20, 23, 188, 368, 370,
371, 373, 374, 378, 381–385, 401,
411
operational, 20, 368, 370, 372, 379, 382,
386
Oil drift pattern, 371, 384
characteristic, 370, 382–384, 386, 409
Oil drift pattern characteristic, 385
Oil film, 296, 376, 377
Oil platform, 3, 6–8, 284, 322, 327, 346, 371
Oil pollution, 6–8, 13–15, 18, 21, 23, 24, 286,
288, 304, 320, 322–324, 331, 419
Oil propagation, 321, 324, 368, 370, 382, 383,
402, 405–409
current-driven, 371
simulation of, 383
wave-driven, 371, 401
Oil spill, 1, 3, 4, 6–8, 13, 15, 16, 20, 21, 102,
103, 105, 118, 120, 121, 123–125,
254, 277, 285, 291, 292, 296, 302,
320, 321, 323, 325, 326, 368–378,
380, 382–384, 386, 388, 389, 391,
395, 401, 402, 410, 411
beaching of, 302
illegal, vii, 322
source of, 321
Oil spill combating, 325, 374, 395
Oil spill combating time, 369
Oil spill model, 20, 120, 121, 123–125, 211,
253, 322, 377, 380
operational, 370
Oil spill model (OSMS), 123
Oil spill propagation, 8, 20, 22, 49, 123, 294,
319
Oil spreading, 103, 106, 125, 372
Oil transportation, 2, 12, 283, 371, 399
Operational oceanography, 23, 171
Øresund, 32, 34, 55, 133, 141, 142, 144, 156,
157, 162, 163, 294
Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process or model, 244
Oslo, 57
Osmussaar, 185, 186, 212
Otranto, Strait of, 168
Outflow, 133, 134, 140, 143, 144, 147,
149–151, 153, 154, 161–163, 169,
171, 183, 187, 190, 203, 207,
209–212, 214, 215, 287, 290, 302,
305, 306, 313, 326, 328, 335, 353,
385
Overflow error, 79
Overturning, 55, 92, 152, 157, 163, 246
Oxidation of H 2 S, 151
Oxygen, 143, 144, 151, 213, 285, 288
P
Pacific, Pacific Ocean, 2, 53, 252
Pair separation, 254, 257, 259, 265, 266,
268–272, 277
Paldiski, 185, 338, 340
Paldiski Deep, 185
Paradigm, 1, 3, 5, 12, 131, 417
Particle age, 19, 215, 295, 319, 324, 325,
336–341, 343, 345–354, 356, 357,
359–361, 384, 418
Particularly sensitive sea area, PSSA, 3, 7, 182,
284, 321, 327
Path, 12, 67, 84, 147, 169, 226, 245, 298, 300,
306, 307
Path integral, 390, 392
Path length minimization, 391
Path optimization, 390
Pathway, 153, 278, 283, 292, 293, 300, 311,
332, 346, 369, 370, 377, 390–392,
408, 411
Pathway of rapid transport, 308, 312
Persian Gulf, 132
Persistence, 53, 54, 88, 205, 207, 208, 210,
211, 214, 289, 291, 292, 307, 312,
313, 339
Petroleum industry, 66
Phase speed, 44, 403, 404
Physical oceanography, 13, 21, 46, 51, 56, 132,
133, 139, 140, 144, 145, 171, 182,
184, 200, 288, 358
Phytoplankton, 124
Pipeline, 3, 6, 7, 284, 371
Plume, 151–154, 162
Poland, 57, 259
Pole (geographical), 83, 88, 99
Pollution, vii, 1, 3–8, 14, 18, 19, 49, 183, 285,
292, 294, 307, 313, 338
Pollution control, 182
Pollution propagation, 1, 3, 15, 17, 18, 20, 188,
278, 285, 293, 319–324, 331, 361,
397
Polynomial approximation, 73, 74, 108
Pomeranian Bay, 13, 288, 291, 328
Põõsaspea, 185
Porkkala, 185, 349, 359
Potential density, 170
Potential energy, 92, 210
Potential temperature, 99, 106, 107
Power law, 251, 269, 272–274, 277
Practical Salinity, 190
Prandtl number, 107, 111, 112, 150
Prangli, 341
435
Oil drift and fate, 8, 121, 252, 277, 296, 321,
368–370, 379, 383, 409–411
Oil drift and fate model, 20, 23, 188, 368, 370,
371, 373, 374, 378, 381–385, 401,
411
operational, 20, 368, 370, 372, 379, 382,
386
Oil drift pattern, 371, 384
characteristic, 370, 382–384, 386, 409
Oil drift pattern characteristic, 385
Oil film, 296, 376, 377
Oil platform, 3, 6–8, 284, 322, 327, 346, 371
Oil pollution, 6–8, 13–15, 18, 21, 23, 24, 286,
288, 304, 320, 322–324, 331, 419
Oil propagation, 321, 324, 368, 370, 382, 383,
402, 405–409
current-driven, 371
simulation of, 383
wave-driven, 371, 401
Oil spill, 1, 3, 4, 6–8, 13, 15, 16, 20, 21, 102,
103, 105, 118, 120, 121, 123–125,
254, 277, 285, 291, 292, 296, 302,
320, 321, 323, 325, 326, 368–378,
380, 382–384, 386, 388, 389, 391,
395, 401, 402, 410, 411
beaching of, 302
illegal, vii, 322
source of, 321
Oil spill combating, 325, 374, 395
Oil spill combating time, 369
Oil spill model, 20, 120, 121, 123–125, 211,
253, 322, 377, 380
operational, 370
Oil spill model (OSMS), 123
Oil spill propagation, 8, 20, 22, 49, 123, 294,
319
Oil spreading, 103, 106, 125, 372
Oil transportation, 2, 12, 283, 371, 399
Operational oceanography, 23, 171
Øresund, 32, 34, 55, 133, 141, 142, 144, 156,
157, 162, 163, 294
Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process or model, 244
Oslo, 57
Osmussaar, 185, 186, 212
Otranto, Strait of, 168
Outflow, 133, 134, 140, 143, 144, 147,
149–151, 153, 154, 161–163, 169,
171, 183, 187, 190, 203, 207,
209–212, 214, 215, 287, 290, 302,
305, 306, 313, 326, 328, 335, 353,
385
Overflow error, 79
Overturning, 55, 92, 152, 157, 163, 246
Oxidation of H 2 S, 151
Oxygen, 143, 144, 151, 213, 285, 288
P
Pacific, Pacific Ocean, 2, 53, 252
Pair separation, 254, 257, 259, 265, 266,
268–272, 277
Paldiski, 185, 338, 340
Paldiski Deep, 185
Paradigm, 1, 3, 5, 12, 131, 417
Particle age, 19, 215, 295, 319, 324, 325,
336–341, 343, 345–354, 356, 357,
359–361, 384, 418
Particularly sensitive sea area, PSSA, 3, 7, 182,
284, 321, 327
Path, 12, 67, 84, 147, 169, 226, 245, 298, 300,
306, 307
Path integral, 390, 392
Path length minimization, 391
Path optimization, 390
Pathway, 153, 278, 283, 292, 293, 300, 311,
332, 346, 369, 370, 377, 390–392,
408, 411
Pathway of rapid transport, 308, 312
Persian Gulf, 132
Persistence, 53, 54, 88, 205, 207, 208, 210,
211, 214, 289, 291, 292, 307, 312,
313, 339
Petroleum industry, 66
Phase speed, 44, 403, 404
Physical oceanography, 13, 21, 46, 51, 56, 132,
133, 139, 140, 144, 145, 171, 182,
184, 200, 288, 358
Phytoplankton, 124
Pipeline, 3, 6, 7, 284, 371
Plume, 151–154, 162
Poland, 57, 259
Pole (geographical), 83, 88, 99
Pollution, vii, 1, 3–8, 14, 18, 19, 49, 183, 285,
292, 294, 307, 313, 338
Pollution control, 182
Pollution propagation, 1, 3, 15, 17, 18, 20, 188,
278, 285, 293, 319–324, 331, 361,
397
Polynomial approximation, 73, 74, 108
Pomeranian Bay, 13, 288, 291, 328
Põõsaspea, 185
Porkkala, 185, 349, 359
Potential density, 170
Potential energy, 92, 210
Potential temperature, 99, 106, 107
Power law, 251, 269, 272–274, 277
Practical Salinity, 190
Prandtl number, 107, 111, 112, 150
Prangli, 341