434
Index
Narva, River, 187, 345
Narva Bay, 185, 338, 340
NASA’s Science Mission Directorate, 145
National Centres for Environmental Prediction
and for Atmospheric Research,
NCEP/NCAR, 99
Naval Oceanographic Office, NAVOCEANO,
253
Navier–Stokes equations, 20, 41, 87, 90, 94,
106, 124, 378
Navigation, vii, 4, 5, 12, 284
Navy Layered Ocean Model, NLOM, 97
Nearshore area, 2, 6, 13, 14, 23, 185, 186, 195,
205, 291, 292, 299, 302–307, 319,
321, 322, 324, 332–334, 336, 338,
339, 344, 354, 361, 373, 383, 409,
417, 418
NEMO, see Nucleous of European Modelling,
NEMO
NEMOMED8 model, 160
Netherlands, 4
Neugrund, 186
Neural network technique, 147
Neutrally buoyant substances, 286
Neva, River, 35, 181, 187, 190, 210, 211, 246,
291, 294, 312, 328, 345, 355, 381,
385, 399–401
Neva Bay, 187, 188, 190, 199–201, 210, 211,
291, 339, 357
Neva Bight, see Neva Bay
New South Wales, 2
Newton, Isaac, 67
Newtonian fluid, 87
Newton’s laws, 84
Non-invertible, 20
Non-spherical coordinates, 99
Norrköping Deep, 55
North America, 2
North Atlantic, 9, 10, 156, 230, 252, 381, 395
North Atlantic Deep Water, 230
North Atlantic Model, NOAMOD, 381
North Atlantic Oscillation, NAO, 57, 135, 198
North Pacific, 9, 395
North Sea, 21, 22, 32, 35, 37, 45, 55, 60, 113,
131, 137, 139, 141–143, 150, 151,
161, 162, 188, 189, 191, 215, 287,
288, 325, 328, 331, 332, 334,
378–381, 418
North Sea model, 59
North Sea water, 328
Norway, 13, 57, 381
Norwegian Sea, 21
Norwegian trench, 381
Nuclear power, 7, 66
Nucleous of European Modelling, NEMO,
139, 146, 155, 160, 277
Numerical error, 80
Numerical instability, 79, 80, 97
Numerical method, 65, 67–71, 80
Numerical scheme, 80, 83, 184, 227
consistency, 65, 79
convergence, 65, 79
stability, 65, 79, 80
Numerical solution, 70, 72, 80, 81
Numerical stability, 82, 83, 110, 116, 227
Nutrients, 18, 117, 149, 195, 196, 285, 376
O
OAAS model, 300, 330–333, 335, 337,
339–344, 350, 352, 359, 362
Ocean Circulation and Climate Advanced
Model, OCCAM, 99, 106, 230, 255,
329
Ocean conveyor belt, 55, 84, 230
Ocean dynamics, 41, 42, 83, 84, 91, 93, 115,
117, 163, 202
Ocean General Circulation Model, OGCM,
243, 247, 265
Ocean model, 22, 49, 65, 66, 68, 83, 86, 95,
97, 99, 100, 104–106, 111,
114–117, 152, 154, 155, 188, 211,
217, 226, 251, 253, 255, 275, 277,
278, 335, 340, 353, 358, 359, 361,
375, 378, 383, 418
Ocean-atmosphere interface, 96
Offshore activity, vii, 1, 6–8, 284, 325, 326
Offshore area, 1–3, 11, 13–15, 18–21, 23, 24,
103, 186, 195, 196, 209, 210, 214,
284, 285, 289–291, 299, 302, 304,
306, 319, 321–324, 326, 327, 335,
336, 338–340, 344, 346, 353, 355,
369, 370, 384, 386, 397, 400, 408,
417, 419
Offshore engineering, industry, vii, 7, 323
Offshore structure, 4, 19, 23, 293, 327
Oil
dissolution, 372
dissolved, 124
emulsified, 124
oxidation of, 372
particulate, 124
Oil chemistry and physics, 368, 370
Oil drift, 15, 103, 296, 320, 368–370, 373, 377,
378, 380, 383, 386, 408, 410, 411
current-driven, 368
wave-driven, 402
wind-driven, 386, 409
Index
Narva, River, 187, 345
Narva Bay, 185, 338, 340
NASA’s Science Mission Directorate, 145
National Centres for Environmental Prediction
and for Atmospheric Research,
NCEP/NCAR, 99
Naval Oceanographic Office, NAVOCEANO,
253
Navier–Stokes equations, 20, 41, 87, 90, 94,
106, 124, 378
Navigation, vii, 4, 5, 12, 284
Navy Layered Ocean Model, NLOM, 97
Nearshore area, 2, 6, 13, 14, 23, 185, 186, 195,
205, 291, 292, 299, 302–307, 319,
321, 322, 324, 332–334, 336, 338,
339, 344, 354, 361, 373, 383, 409,
417, 418
NEMO, see Nucleous of European Modelling,
NEMO
NEMOMED8 model, 160
Netherlands, 4
Neugrund, 186
Neural network technique, 147
Neutrally buoyant substances, 286
Neva, River, 35, 181, 187, 190, 210, 211, 246,
291, 294, 312, 328, 345, 355, 381,
385, 399–401
Neva Bay, 187, 188, 190, 199–201, 210, 211,
291, 339, 357
Neva Bight, see Neva Bay
New South Wales, 2
Newton, Isaac, 67
Newtonian fluid, 87
Newton’s laws, 84
Non-invertible, 20
Non-spherical coordinates, 99
Norrköping Deep, 55
North America, 2
North Atlantic, 9, 10, 156, 230, 252, 381, 395
North Atlantic Deep Water, 230
North Atlantic Model, NOAMOD, 381
North Atlantic Oscillation, NAO, 57, 135, 198
North Pacific, 9, 395
North Sea, 21, 22, 32, 35, 37, 45, 55, 60, 113,
131, 137, 139, 141–143, 150, 151,
161, 162, 188, 189, 191, 215, 287,
288, 325, 328, 331, 332, 334,
378–381, 418
North Sea model, 59
North Sea water, 328
Norway, 13, 57, 381
Norwegian Sea, 21
Norwegian trench, 381
Nuclear power, 7, 66
Nucleous of European Modelling, NEMO,
139, 146, 155, 160, 277
Numerical error, 80
Numerical instability, 79, 80, 97
Numerical method, 65, 67–71, 80
Numerical scheme, 80, 83, 184, 227
consistency, 65, 79
convergence, 65, 79
stability, 65, 79, 80
Numerical solution, 70, 72, 80, 81
Numerical stability, 82, 83, 110, 116, 227
Nutrients, 18, 117, 149, 195, 196, 285, 376
O
OAAS model, 300, 330–333, 335, 337,
339–344, 350, 352, 359, 362
Ocean Circulation and Climate Advanced
Model, OCCAM, 99, 106, 230, 255,
329
Ocean conveyor belt, 55, 84, 230
Ocean dynamics, 41, 42, 83, 84, 91, 93, 115,
117, 163, 202
Ocean General Circulation Model, OGCM,
243, 247, 265
Ocean model, 22, 49, 65, 66, 68, 83, 86, 95,
97, 99, 100, 104–106, 111,
114–117, 152, 154, 155, 188, 211,
217, 226, 251, 253, 255, 275, 277,
278, 335, 340, 353, 358, 359, 361,
375, 378, 383, 418
Ocean-atmosphere interface, 96
Offshore activity, vii, 1, 6–8, 284, 325, 326
Offshore area, 1–3, 11, 13–15, 18–21, 23, 24,
103, 186, 195, 196, 209, 210, 214,
284, 285, 289–291, 299, 302, 304,
306, 319, 321–324, 326, 327, 335,
336, 338–340, 344, 346, 353, 355,
369, 370, 384, 386, 397, 400, 408,
417, 419
Offshore engineering, industry, vii, 7, 323
Offshore structure, 4, 19, 23, 293, 327
Oil
dissolution, 372
dissolved, 124
emulsified, 124
oxidation of, 372
particulate, 124
Oil chemistry and physics, 368, 370
Oil drift, 15, 103, 296, 320, 368–370, 373, 377,
378, 380, 383, 386, 408, 410, 411
current-driven, 368
wave-driven, 402
wind-driven, 386, 409