Index
433
Mediterranean, 10, 135
Mediterranean deep layers, 168
Mediterranean outflow, 154
Mediterranean plume, 151
Mediterranean Sea, 10, 13, 131–139, 145, 148,
149, 151, 154–156, 159–161, 164,
166, 168, 169, 226
Mediterranean water, 132, 147, 149, 151
Mersa–Matruh gyre, 159
Mesh, see grid
Mesoscale dynamics, 16, 17, 44, 135, 182,
202–205, 210, 214, 216, 217, 244,
277, 289, 295, 299, 313, 327, 328,
340, 341, 358, 359, 362
Mesoscale eddy, 32, 45, 53, 92, 102, 105, 136,
137, 143, 168, 181, 204, 209, 211,
216, 270, 272, 289, 295, 305,
308–310, 329, 341, 359
turnover time, 203, 292, 300, 308, 309,
312, 313, 361
Mesoscale feature, 21, 155, 183, 184, 203,
207, 211, 214, 272, 291, 313
Meteorological conditions, 44, 182, 197
Meteorological data, 58
Meteorological forcing, 59, 60, 146, 149, 161,
183, 197, 386, 407
Metocean (drivers, factors, conditions), 9, 10,
12, 20, 286, 320, 373, 383, 390
Metocean information, 373
Miami Isopycnic Coordinate Ocean Model,
MICOM, 97
Mixing, 32, 37–39, 41, 56, 68, 92, 115, 117,
135, 142, 143, 147, 149–152, 155,
156, 158, 167, 168, 171, 181–184,
188, 189, 192, 195, 196, 216, 243,
255, 329, 380, 401
convective, 35, 36, 189
diapycnal, 92, 94, 97, 113
horizontal, 94, 105, 243
isopycnal, 92, 94
mechanical, 38, 55, 192
subgrid, 105, 110, 295, 329
turbulent, 32, 92, 105, 153, 196, 240, 403
vertical, 36, 94, 105, 110, 116, 123, 124,
155, 157, 166, 210, 213, 243, 328
wave-driven, 375, 377, 382, 386
wind-induced, 35, 36, 38, 39, 192
Mixing depth, 195, 377
Mixing length, 42
Mode-split method, 86
Model
basin-scale, 140
coupled atmosphere-ocean, 115
eddy-permitting, 56, 105, 116, 160, 295
eddy-resolving, 116, 154, 204, 244
high-resolution, 32, 60, 69, 95, 114, 115,
140, 151, 181, 183, 184, 210, 211,
278
isopycnal, 232
large-scale, 60
non-hydrostatic, 151
numerical, 44, 56–59, 65–67, 69, 71, 77,
82–84, 86, 95, 97, 99, 100, 131,
138–140, 144, 146, 147, 150–152,
154, 156, 157, 159–161, 168, 171,
181–184, 190, 204, 207, 210, 216,
226, 300
operational, 13, 15, 60, 151, 155, 212, 325,
419
primitive equation, 106
stochastic, 244
three-dimensional, 50, 56, 58, 59, 61, 102,
150
trajectory, 253, 264, 266, 275, 301, 302,
306
off-line, 283
Model calibration, 66, 153
Model output, 162, 275, 295, 297
Model validation, 58, 66, 124, 153, 171, 184,
253, 295, 329
Model verification, 59, 184
MODIS, 145
Modular Ocean Model, MOM, 96, 139,
152–155, 165, 166
Moisture flux, 60
Molecular viscosity, 41, 87, 202
Molecular weight, 379, 380
MOM, see Modular Ocean Model, MOM
Momentum equation, 50, 90, 93, 94, 98, 240,
255, 402, 403
Momentum exchange, 155, 197, 200
Momentum flux, 108, 112, 114, 116, 164
Monaco Underwater Reserve, 2
Monte Carlo technique, 20, 351, 368, 369,
390–392, 410
Morphology, 33, 200
MOSM, see Multiphase Oil Spill Model,
MOSM
Multi-tracer approach, 124
Multiphase Oil Spill Model, MOSM, 124
Muuga Bay, 209, 255
N
Naissaar, 208, 255, 270, 349, 359
Nansen, Fridtjof, 49
NAO index, see North Atlantic Oscillation,
NAO
Narva, 186, 199, 346
433
Mediterranean, 10, 135
Mediterranean deep layers, 168
Mediterranean outflow, 154
Mediterranean plume, 151
Mediterranean Sea, 10, 13, 131–139, 145, 148,
149, 151, 154–156, 159–161, 164,
166, 168, 169, 226
Mediterranean water, 132, 147, 149, 151
Mersa–Matruh gyre, 159
Mesh, see grid
Mesoscale dynamics, 16, 17, 44, 135, 182,
202–205, 210, 214, 216, 217, 244,
277, 289, 295, 299, 313, 327, 328,
340, 341, 358, 359, 362
Mesoscale eddy, 32, 45, 53, 92, 102, 105, 136,
137, 143, 168, 181, 204, 209, 211,
216, 270, 272, 289, 295, 305,
308–310, 329, 341, 359
turnover time, 203, 292, 300, 308, 309,
312, 313, 361
Mesoscale feature, 21, 155, 183, 184, 203,
207, 211, 214, 272, 291, 313
Meteorological conditions, 44, 182, 197
Meteorological data, 58
Meteorological forcing, 59, 60, 146, 149, 161,
183, 197, 386, 407
Metocean (drivers, factors, conditions), 9, 10,
12, 20, 286, 320, 373, 383, 390
Metocean information, 373
Miami Isopycnic Coordinate Ocean Model,
MICOM, 97
Mixing, 32, 37–39, 41, 56, 68, 92, 115, 117,
135, 142, 143, 147, 149–152, 155,
156, 158, 167, 168, 171, 181–184,
188, 189, 192, 195, 196, 216, 243,
255, 329, 380, 401
convective, 35, 36, 189
diapycnal, 92, 94, 97, 113
horizontal, 94, 105, 243
isopycnal, 92, 94
mechanical, 38, 55, 192
subgrid, 105, 110, 295, 329
turbulent, 32, 92, 105, 153, 196, 240, 403
vertical, 36, 94, 105, 110, 116, 123, 124,
155, 157, 166, 210, 213, 243, 328
wave-driven, 375, 377, 382, 386
wind-induced, 35, 36, 38, 39, 192
Mixing depth, 195, 377
Mixing length, 42
Mode-split method, 86
Model
basin-scale, 140
coupled atmosphere-ocean, 115
eddy-permitting, 56, 105, 116, 160, 295
eddy-resolving, 116, 154, 204, 244
high-resolution, 32, 60, 69, 95, 114, 115,
140, 151, 181, 183, 184, 210, 211,
278
isopycnal, 232
large-scale, 60
non-hydrostatic, 151
numerical, 44, 56–59, 65–67, 69, 71, 77,
82–84, 86, 95, 97, 99, 100, 131,
138–140, 144, 146, 147, 150–152,
154, 156, 157, 159–161, 168, 171,
181–184, 190, 204, 207, 210, 216,
226, 300
operational, 13, 15, 60, 151, 155, 212, 325,
419
primitive equation, 106
stochastic, 244
three-dimensional, 50, 56, 58, 59, 61, 102,
150
trajectory, 253, 264, 266, 275, 301, 302,
306
off-line, 283
Model calibration, 66, 153
Model output, 162, 275, 295, 297
Model validation, 58, 66, 124, 153, 171, 184,
253, 295, 329
Model verification, 59, 184
MODIS, 145
Modular Ocean Model, MOM, 96, 139,
152–155, 165, 166
Moisture flux, 60
Molecular viscosity, 41, 87, 202
Molecular weight, 379, 380
MOM, see Modular Ocean Model, MOM
Momentum equation, 50, 90, 93, 94, 98, 240,
255, 402, 403
Momentum exchange, 155, 197, 200
Momentum flux, 108, 112, 114, 116, 164
Monaco Underwater Reserve, 2
Monte Carlo technique, 20, 351, 368, 369,
390–392, 410
Morphology, 33, 200
MOSM, see Multiphase Oil Spill Model,
MOSM
Multi-tracer approach, 124
Multiphase Oil Spill Model, MOSM, 124
Muuga Bay, 209, 255
N
Naissaar, 208, 255, 270, 349, 359
Nansen, Fridtjof, 49
NAO index, see North Atlantic Oscillation,
NAO
Narva, 186, 199, 346