432
Index
Lagrangian time scale, 257–260, 264, 265,
267, 268, 276
Lagrangian trajectory, 21–23, 120, 139, 226,
227, 243, 244, 252, 255, 278, 286,
293, 319, 323, 326, 332, 359, 360,
369, 374, 417
Lagrangian trajectory model, 225
Lagrangian transport, 1, 18, 20, 283, 296, 309,
313
Lagrangian velocity, 18, 257, 258, 262, 264,
275, 293, 299
Lagrangian velocity autocorrelation, 257, 258,
262, 264, 268, 276
Lagrangian (viewpoint, specification,
description), 18, 67, 86, 102,
104–106, 124, 125, 197, 225, 226,
241, 252, 278, 293, 296, 320, 332,
336
Lahemaa, 291, 338–340, 349, 359
Lake Michigan, 310
Landsort Deep, 34, 55, 117
Langmuir current, 275
Large-eddy simulation (LES) scheme, 95
Latitude, 39, 42, 45, 47, 68, 88, 107, 114, 197,
202, 228, 239, 261, 295, 347, 355,
356, 384, 391
Lax equivalence theorem, 79
Layer
bottom, 32, 35–37, 39, 51, 56, 155, 161,
168, 188–191, 208, 213, 216
deep, 49, 151, 153, 190
lower, 37, 38, 45, 50, 51, 54–56, 147, 150,
184, 189, 191, 195, 201, 209, 212,
213, 216, 381
subsurface, 157, 200, 207, 211, 216, 277,
291, 292, 305, 312, 321, 379, 381
surface, 8, 15, 21, 32, 36–39, 42, 44, 45, 47,
49, 51, 55, 56, 89, 92, 113, 118, 121,
151, 161, 164, 166, 170, 188–193,
195, 200–203, 206, 208, 213, 214,
216, 247, 273, 296, 309–311, 313,
321, 323, 331, 332, 349, 404, 405
upper, 32, 35–39, 45, 48–50, 54–56, 143,
145–147, 150, 155, 157, 159, 184,
188, 189, 191, 192, 200–202, 209,
210, 216, 381, 402
upper mixed, 35, 37–39, 155, 189,
193–195, 208, 310
uppermost, 8, 21, 49, 56, 59, 121, 147, 197,
207, 209, 211, 212, 214, 216, 253,
254, 268, 270, 272, 274, 277, 278,
283, 285, 286, 292, 296, 297, 323,
329, 330, 332, 337, 369, 381
Layer interface, 233
Layered structure, 32, 37, 56, 192, 207
Least-squares fit, 108, 110, 146
Lee wave, 149
Length scale, 44, 84, 90–95, 136
Levantine basin, 148, 160, 161, 168, 169
Levantine Intermediate Water, 159, 161, 169
Lifetime, 18, 92, 195, 196, 285, 292, 313
Ligurian Sea, 300
Linear approximation, 297
Linear interpolation, 70, 226, 229, 231, 235,
239, 243
Linear regression, 206
Linear stress formula, 98
Linear trend, 310
Linear wave theory, 402
Lines of characteristics, 71, 72, 78, 80, 81
Lin’s law, 269, 270
Litter, 286, 293, 296
Little Belt, 32, 141, 142, 156
Local jet, 44, 204, 214, 308
Local truncation error, LTE, 74–76
Longitude, 68, 99, 107, 114, 185, 186, 228,
246, 261, 345, 347, 356, 384, 391
Loss of propulsion or steering, 13
Lost container, 16, 285, 286, 296, 319
Louisiana, 2
Luga, River, 187
Luga Bay, 356, 400
M
M.I.T. general circulation model, MITgcm, 96
Major Baltic Inflow, MBI, 113, 143, 157, 161
Marine ecosystem services, vii
Marine environment, vii, 2, 3, 6, 8, 13, 16–18,
43, 60, 182, 293, 294, 320, 332,
368, 370, 371, 382
Marine optics, 184
Marine pollution, 6, 13
Marine protected area, MPA, 2, 7, 13, 14, 324
Marine safety, 145, 182
Marine traffic, 285, 348, 368, 395, 396, 400,
411
Marine transportation, 2, 5, 13, 283, 328, 395,
397
Maritime route, 103, 121, 123
Maritime spatial planning, 419
Markov model, process, 241, 244, 247, 276
Marmara, Sea of, 21, 145–147, 153
Marsili (Marsigli), Count Luigi Ferdinando,
132, 145
Mass flux, 233, 256
Matrix, matrix inverse, 82, 88
Maximal exchange, 141
Maximum depth, 34, 96, 134
Index
Lagrangian time scale, 257–260, 264, 265,
267, 268, 276
Lagrangian trajectory, 21–23, 120, 139, 226,
227, 243, 244, 252, 255, 278, 286,
293, 319, 323, 326, 332, 359, 360,
369, 374, 417
Lagrangian trajectory model, 225
Lagrangian transport, 1, 18, 20, 283, 296, 309,
313
Lagrangian velocity, 18, 257, 258, 262, 264,
275, 293, 299
Lagrangian velocity autocorrelation, 257, 258,
262, 264, 268, 276
Lagrangian (viewpoint, specification,
description), 18, 67, 86, 102,
104–106, 124, 125, 197, 225, 226,
241, 252, 278, 293, 296, 320, 332,
336
Lahemaa, 291, 338–340, 349, 359
Lake Michigan, 310
Landsort Deep, 34, 55, 117
Langmuir current, 275
Large-eddy simulation (LES) scheme, 95
Latitude, 39, 42, 45, 47, 68, 88, 107, 114, 197,
202, 228, 239, 261, 295, 347, 355,
356, 384, 391
Lax equivalence theorem, 79
Layer
bottom, 32, 35–37, 39, 51, 56, 155, 161,
168, 188–191, 208, 213, 216
deep, 49, 151, 153, 190
lower, 37, 38, 45, 50, 51, 54–56, 147, 150,
184, 189, 191, 195, 201, 209, 212,
213, 216, 381
subsurface, 157, 200, 207, 211, 216, 277,
291, 292, 305, 312, 321, 379, 381
surface, 8, 15, 21, 32, 36–39, 42, 44, 45, 47,
49, 51, 55, 56, 89, 92, 113, 118, 121,
151, 161, 164, 166, 170, 188–193,
195, 200–203, 206, 208, 213, 214,
216, 247, 273, 296, 309–311, 313,
321, 323, 331, 332, 349, 404, 405
upper, 32, 35–39, 45, 48–50, 54–56, 143,
145–147, 150, 155, 157, 159, 184,
188, 189, 191, 192, 200–202, 209,
210, 216, 381, 402
upper mixed, 35, 37–39, 155, 189,
193–195, 208, 310
uppermost, 8, 21, 49, 56, 59, 121, 147, 197,
207, 209, 211, 212, 214, 216, 253,
254, 268, 270, 272, 274, 277, 278,
283, 285, 286, 292, 296, 297, 323,
329, 330, 332, 337, 369, 381
Layer interface, 233
Layered structure, 32, 37, 56, 192, 207
Least-squares fit, 108, 110, 146
Lee wave, 149
Length scale, 44, 84, 90–95, 136
Levantine basin, 148, 160, 161, 168, 169
Levantine Intermediate Water, 159, 161, 169
Lifetime, 18, 92, 195, 196, 285, 292, 313
Ligurian Sea, 300
Linear approximation, 297
Linear interpolation, 70, 226, 229, 231, 235,
239, 243
Linear regression, 206
Linear stress formula, 98
Linear trend, 310
Linear wave theory, 402
Lines of characteristics, 71, 72, 78, 80, 81
Lin’s law, 269, 270
Litter, 286, 293, 296
Little Belt, 32, 141, 142, 156
Local jet, 44, 204, 214, 308
Local truncation error, LTE, 74–76
Longitude, 68, 99, 107, 114, 185, 186, 228,
246, 261, 345, 347, 356, 384, 391
Loss of propulsion or steering, 13
Lost container, 16, 285, 286, 296, 319
Louisiana, 2
Luga, River, 187
Luga Bay, 356, 400
M
M.I.T. general circulation model, MITgcm, 96
Major Baltic Inflow, MBI, 113, 143, 157, 161
Marine ecosystem services, vii
Marine environment, vii, 2, 3, 6, 8, 13, 16–18,
43, 60, 182, 293, 294, 320, 332,
368, 370, 371, 382
Marine optics, 184
Marine pollution, 6, 13
Marine protected area, MPA, 2, 7, 13, 14, 324
Marine safety, 145, 182
Marine traffic, 285, 348, 368, 395, 396, 400,
411
Marine transportation, 2, 5, 13, 283, 328, 395,
397
Maritime route, 103, 121, 123
Maritime spatial planning, 419
Markov model, process, 241, 244, 247, 276
Marmara, Sea of, 21, 145–147, 153
Marsili (Marsigli), Count Luigi Ferdinando,
132, 145
Mass flux, 233, 256
Matrix, matrix inverse, 82, 88
Maximal exchange, 141
Maximum depth, 34, 96, 134