Index
429
Fresh water, 35, 36, 39, 43, 45, 83, 86, 115,
152, 160, 164, 165, 169, 181, 183,
187, 188, 193, 203, 205, 216, 297,
305, 328
Fresh water budget, 32, 45, 57, 134, 137, 216
Fresh water deficit, surplus, 134, 187, 189
Fresh water flux, 109, 132, 160, 188, 196, 290
Friction, 32, 45, 47, 141, 144, 146, 203, 216
horizontal, 42, 43, 52, 110, 203
interfacial, 150, 200
internal, 42
shallow water, 396
vertical, 42, 43, 203
Friction coefficient, 47, 379
linear, 239
Front, 32, 44, 181, 204, 209, 210, 213, 290
density, 136
Frontal system, 143
Froude number, 43, 140, 141
Fu Shan Hai, 372
Fuel consumption, 9, 10, 16, 24, 103, 368, 369,
390, 396–401, 410
Fukushima, 377
G
Galicia, 372
Gauss elimination, 82
Gaussian distribution, 242, 244
GCM, see General Circulation Model, GCM
Gda´ nsk Bay, 34, 102, 143, 261, 287, 328, 399
Gda´ nsk Deep, 55
General Circulation Model, GCM, 66, 70, 83,
85, 226–228, 230–232, 234, 235,
239, 240, 243, 247
Genetic connectivity of marine populations,
247
Geographical coordinate system, 68
GeoHydrodynamics and Environment
Research, GHER, 154
Geophysical flow, 44, 134, 150, 270, 379
Geophysical fluid dynamics, 44, 68, 247
Geopotential coordinates, 95
Geopotential height, 246
Geostrophic balance, 50, 52, 89, 150, 209
Geostrophic eddy, 84, 209
Geostrophic flow, 50–52, 89, 239
Geostrophic transport, 137
Geostrophic velocity, 239
Geostrophic wind, 58, 114
Geothermal heat, 83
German Bight, 144, 379
German Federal Maritime and Hydrographic
Agency, BSH, 155, 331
Gibraltar, Strait of, 133, 134, 141, 142,
148–151, 161
Glacier, 83
Glider, 138, 171
Globe Asimi, 371
Gogland, 186, 194, 338, 341, 349, 356–359,
400, 401, 409
Gotland, 13, 34, 259
Gotland Basin, 36, 37, 55, 118, 144, 215
Eastern, 34, 55, 102, 118, 143, 157, 193,
261, 287, 328, 399
Northern, 34, 55, 56, 102, 143, 158,
182–186, 192, 197, 200, 201, 203,
207, 209, 213–215, 246, 253, 261,
287, 288, 300, 305, 328, 399
Western, 34, 55, 102, 118, 143, 261, 328,
399
Gotland Deep, 40, 55, 117, 157, 189
Gotland Sea, 34, 35, 46, 53, 55, 185, 188, 189,
201, 206
GPS sensors, 253, 254, 271
Gradient operator, 42, 202
Graph (mathematical), 55
Grashof number, 150
Gravity acceleration, 41–43, 85, 87, 89, 107,
164, 202, 403
Gravity current, 90, 140, 148, 152, 157, 164,
171
Gravity force, 83, 89, 90
Great Belt, 32, 51, 52, 133, 141, 142, 144, 156,
157, 161–163, 294, 350
Greenland, 379
Grid
adaptive, 104, 121, 153, 154, 171
B, Arakawa B, 107, 228
C, Arakawa C, 228, 232, 330, 379
Cartesian, rectangular, rectilinear, 68, 225,
227, 228, 230
curvilinear, 68, 225, 228, 230
nested, 60, 68, 69, 380
non-rectangular, 227, 230
regular, 68, 104, 114, 124
spherical, 230, 378
structured, 68–70, 151
uniform, 72, 73
unstructured, 68, 70, 97, 104, 121, 153,
154, 171
Grid box, 226, 228–232, 235–237, 245, 256,
261, 265, 276
Grid cell, 68, 96, 116, 226, 297, 299, 300, 303,
310
Grid resolution, 68, 69, 77, 85, 97, 114, 154
Grid size, 121, 168, 204, 301
429
Fresh water, 35, 36, 39, 43, 45, 83, 86, 115,
152, 160, 164, 165, 169, 181, 183,
187, 188, 193, 203, 205, 216, 297,
305, 328
Fresh water budget, 32, 45, 57, 134, 137, 216
Fresh water deficit, surplus, 134, 187, 189
Fresh water flux, 109, 132, 160, 188, 196, 290
Friction, 32, 45, 47, 141, 144, 146, 203, 216
horizontal, 42, 43, 52, 110, 203
interfacial, 150, 200
internal, 42
shallow water, 396
vertical, 42, 43, 203
Friction coefficient, 47, 379
linear, 239
Front, 32, 44, 181, 204, 209, 210, 213, 290
density, 136
Frontal system, 143
Froude number, 43, 140, 141
Fu Shan Hai, 372
Fuel consumption, 9, 10, 16, 24, 103, 368, 369,
390, 396–401, 410
Fukushima, 377
G
Galicia, 372
Gauss elimination, 82
Gaussian distribution, 242, 244
GCM, see General Circulation Model, GCM
Gda´ nsk Bay, 34, 102, 143, 261, 287, 328, 399
Gda´ nsk Deep, 55
General Circulation Model, GCM, 66, 70, 83,
85, 226–228, 230–232, 234, 235,
239, 240, 243, 247
Genetic connectivity of marine populations,
247
Geographical coordinate system, 68
GeoHydrodynamics and Environment
Research, GHER, 154
Geophysical flow, 44, 134, 150, 270, 379
Geophysical fluid dynamics, 44, 68, 247
Geopotential coordinates, 95
Geopotential height, 246
Geostrophic balance, 50, 52, 89, 150, 209
Geostrophic eddy, 84, 209
Geostrophic flow, 50–52, 89, 239
Geostrophic transport, 137
Geostrophic velocity, 239
Geostrophic wind, 58, 114
Geothermal heat, 83
German Bight, 144, 379
German Federal Maritime and Hydrographic
Agency, BSH, 155, 331
Gibraltar, Strait of, 133, 134, 141, 142,
148–151, 161
Glacier, 83
Glider, 138, 171
Globe Asimi, 371
Gogland, 186, 194, 338, 341, 349, 356–359,
400, 401, 409
Gotland, 13, 34, 259
Gotland Basin, 36, 37, 55, 118, 144, 215
Eastern, 34, 55, 102, 118, 143, 157, 193,
261, 287, 328, 399
Northern, 34, 55, 56, 102, 143, 158,
182–186, 192, 197, 200, 201, 203,
207, 209, 213–215, 246, 253, 261,
287, 288, 300, 305, 328, 399
Western, 34, 55, 102, 118, 143, 261, 328,
399
Gotland Deep, 40, 55, 117, 157, 189
Gotland Sea, 34, 35, 46, 53, 55, 185, 188, 189,
201, 206
GPS sensors, 253, 254, 271
Gradient operator, 42, 202
Graph (mathematical), 55
Grashof number, 150
Gravity acceleration, 41–43, 85, 87, 89, 107,
164, 202, 403
Gravity current, 90, 140, 148, 152, 157, 164,
171
Gravity force, 83, 89, 90
Great Belt, 32, 51, 52, 133, 141, 142, 144, 156,
157, 161–163, 294, 350
Greenland, 379
Grid
adaptive, 104, 121, 153, 154, 171
B, Arakawa B, 107, 228
C, Arakawa C, 228, 232, 330, 379
Cartesian, rectangular, rectilinear, 68, 225,
227, 228, 230
curvilinear, 68, 225, 228, 230
nested, 60, 68, 69, 380
non-rectangular, 227, 230
regular, 68, 104, 114, 124
spherical, 230, 378
structured, 68–70, 151
uniform, 72, 73
unstructured, 68, 70, 97, 104, 121, 153,
154, 171
Grid box, 226, 228–232, 235–237, 245, 256,
261, 265, 276
Grid cell, 68, 96, 116, 226, 297, 299, 300, 303,
310
Grid resolution, 68, 69, 77, 85, 97, 114, 154
Grid size, 121, 168, 204, 301