428
Index
Exchange flow, 135, 142, 143, 149, 150
Exhaust emission, 5, 6, 9, 390, 396
reduction of, 368, 396
Exponential law, 268
Extinction length, 110, 112
Eyjafjallajökull, 377
F
f -plane approximation, 43, 203
Fairway, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 17, 19, 23, 24, 102,
121, 123, 254, 288, 319, 323, 325,
347, 352, 390, 391, 397–401, 409,
410, 418, 419
environmentally optimized, 368–370, 383,
392, 396
optimization of, 102, 103
optimum, 1, 9, 10, 12, 15, 16, 18–22, 24,
125, 286, 319, 322, 323, 326,
345–357, 359–362, 368–371, 385,
389, 390, 392, 394, 400, 401, 409,
410, 419
Fairway design, 6, 9, 10, 12, 22–24, 139, 319,
325, 349, 368–371, 385, 389, 390,
392–402, 409–411
adaptive, 368
Fairway performance, 368, 399, 401, 409
Fairway relocation, 10, 11, 397
Fårö Deep, 55
Fast ferry, 12, 288
Fast Fourier Transform, 259
Fatigue damage, 24
Fay equations, 380
Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency,
BSH, 378, 379
Fehmarn Belt, 143, 151, 156
Ferrel cell, 234
Fetch length, 408
Filament, 136
upwelling, 195
Finite difference (FD) method, 69–73, 75, 76,
83, 95
Finite difference scheme, 74–76, 78, 79,
226–228, 232, 247, 257, 258, 302
Finite element (FE) method, 69–71, 95, 97,
104
Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model, FVCOM,
97
Finite volume (FV) method, 69–71, 95, 97
Finland, 182, 185, 200, 212, 339, 344, 385,
387
Finnish archipelago, 341, 349, 360
Finnish coast, 195, 198, 205, 208, 209, 214,
291, 387, 389
Finnish Environment Institute, SYKE, 189
Finnish Institute of Marine Research, 40, 208
Fish eggs, larvae, 285, 293
Fish stock, 5, 13
Fishing ground, 24
Fishing industry, 2
Fixed arrival time, 396
Fixed mooring, 18, 149, 293
Floating object, 16, 49, 211, 296
Flow
cardiovascular, 66
critical, 141
eddy-containing, 299, 304
eddy-dominated, 299, 309, 312
gravity, 66
hydraulically controlled, 141
inviscid, 140
isotropic, 53, 306
laminar, 65, 91
layered, 50, 209
nonrotating, 140
planetary-scale, 44
pyroclastic, 66
rectilinear, 299
rotating, 244
subcritical, 141
subsonic, 65
supercritical, 141
supersonic, 65
turbulent, 65, 92, 244, 269, 276
two-layer, 145
zonal, 289
Flow direction, 47, 51, 208, 209, 211, 246,
290, 307, 310
Flow relaxation, 99
Flow speed, 51, 143, 208
Fluid dynamics, 20, 65, 67, 69, 86, 87, 226
Flux-corrected, monotonicity preserving
transport (FCT) scheme, 116
Food web, food chain model, 124
Forcing conditions, 182, 290, 293, 295, 296,
354, 359
Forcing factors, 15, 16, 32, 183, 204
Forcing field, 70, 184, 290, 338, 374, 375
Forcing mechanism, 83, 97, 142, 166
Formal safety assessment methodology, 17
Fortran 77, Fortran 95, 226, 227
Forward difference method, 74–76, 79, 80, 82
Forward Euler method, 76, 77, 80, 81, 226
Fraction (of oil), 372, 379, 380
FRAM ocean model, 226
Free surface, 96, 98, 99, 234, 295
Freezing, 16, 37, 199, 200
Freezing point, 37, 39, 192, 330
Index
Exchange flow, 135, 142, 143, 149, 150
Exhaust emission, 5, 6, 9, 390, 396
reduction of, 368, 396
Exponential law, 268
Extinction length, 110, 112
Eyjafjallajökull, 377
F
f -plane approximation, 43, 203
Fairway, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 17, 19, 23, 24, 102,
121, 123, 254, 288, 319, 323, 325,
347, 352, 390, 391, 397–401, 409,
410, 418, 419
environmentally optimized, 368–370, 383,
392, 396
optimization of, 102, 103
optimum, 1, 9, 10, 12, 15, 16, 18–22, 24,
125, 286, 319, 322, 323, 326,
345–357, 359–362, 368–371, 385,
389, 390, 392, 394, 400, 401, 409,
410, 419
Fairway design, 6, 9, 10, 12, 22–24, 139, 319,
325, 349, 368–371, 385, 389, 390,
392–402, 409–411
adaptive, 368
Fairway performance, 368, 399, 401, 409
Fairway relocation, 10, 11, 397
Fårö Deep, 55
Fast ferry, 12, 288
Fast Fourier Transform, 259
Fatigue damage, 24
Fay equations, 380
Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency,
BSH, 378, 379
Fehmarn Belt, 143, 151, 156
Ferrel cell, 234
Fetch length, 408
Filament, 136
upwelling, 195
Finite difference (FD) method, 69–73, 75, 76,
83, 95
Finite difference scheme, 74–76, 78, 79,
226–228, 232, 247, 257, 258, 302
Finite element (FE) method, 69–71, 95, 97,
104
Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model, FVCOM,
97
Finite volume (FV) method, 69–71, 95, 97
Finland, 182, 185, 200, 212, 339, 344, 385,
387
Finnish archipelago, 341, 349, 360
Finnish coast, 195, 198, 205, 208, 209, 214,
291, 387, 389
Finnish Environment Institute, SYKE, 189
Finnish Institute of Marine Research, 40, 208
Fish eggs, larvae, 285, 293
Fish stock, 5, 13
Fishing ground, 24
Fishing industry, 2
Fixed arrival time, 396
Fixed mooring, 18, 149, 293
Floating object, 16, 49, 211, 296
Flow
cardiovascular, 66
critical, 141
eddy-containing, 299, 304
eddy-dominated, 299, 309, 312
gravity, 66
hydraulically controlled, 141
inviscid, 140
isotropic, 53, 306
laminar, 65, 91
layered, 50, 209
nonrotating, 140
planetary-scale, 44
pyroclastic, 66
rectilinear, 299
rotating, 244
subcritical, 141
subsonic, 65
supercritical, 141
supersonic, 65
turbulent, 65, 92, 244, 269, 276
two-layer, 145
zonal, 289
Flow direction, 47, 51, 208, 209, 211, 246,
290, 307, 310
Flow relaxation, 99
Flow speed, 51, 143, 208
Fluid dynamics, 20, 65, 67, 69, 86, 87, 226
Flux-corrected, monotonicity preserving
transport (FCT) scheme, 116
Food web, food chain model, 124
Forcing conditions, 182, 290, 293, 295, 296,
354, 359
Forcing factors, 15, 16, 32, 183, 204
Forcing field, 70, 184, 290, 338, 374, 375
Forcing mechanism, 83, 97, 142, 166
Formal safety assessment methodology, 17
Fortran 77, Fortran 95, 226, 227
Forward difference method, 74–76, 79, 80, 82
Forward Euler method, 76, 77, 80, 81, 226
Fraction (of oil), 372, 379, 380
FRAM ocean model, 226
Free surface, 96, 98, 99, 234, 295
Freezing, 16, 37, 199, 200
Freezing point, 37, 39, 192, 330