Index
427
Ecosystem, 3, 5, 6, 135, 182, 213, 285
marine, 2, 3, 5, 21
Ecosystem modelling, 171, 196
Eddy, 136, 150, 299, 309, 341, 409
anticyclonic, 158, 169
Eddy diffusivity, 95, 107, 110, 112, 118, 150,
196, 197, 201, 331, 379, 380
Eddy viscosity, 42, 48, 49, 107, 110, 112, 202,
203, 241, 243
Eigen-oscillation, 146
Ekman, V.W., 47
Ekman depth, 48, 49
Ekman drift, 45, 47, 206, 211, 214, 216, 306
Ekman layer, 48–50
Ekman number, 43
Ekman pumping, 153, 164, 165
Ekman spiral, 48–50, 53, 376
Ekman theory, solution, 47, 49, 52
Ekman transport, 48, 49, 88, 195, 289, 310
Elasticity theory, 70
EMT, see Eastern Mediterranean Transient
Emulsification, 372, 377, 379, 401, 410
Emulsion, 372, 377, 380, 401
Energy budget, 39, 60, 188, 191, 201, 216
Energy dissipation, 273
Energy input scale, 269
Engineering solution, 1, 320, 323, 324, 338,
353
English Channel, 381
Ensemble approach, 102, 121, 294
Ensemble average, 121, 123, 263, 265, 269
Enstrophy cascade, 269
Entrainment, 151, 153, 157, 216
Environmental benefit, 18, 351–354, 360, 389,
417, 418
Environmental criterion, 1, 10, 15, 321, 353,
358, 368, 419
Environmental damage, loss, 5, 10, 15, 368,
374
Environmental impact assessment, 10
Environmental management, 1, 9, 16, 19, 21,
183, 285, 312, 313, 319, 321, 324,
346
Environmental pressure, vii
Environmental risk, vii, 1, 5, 8, 12, 13, 23, 24,
278, 283, 286, 302, 303, 319, 320,
322–325, 338, 345–347, 351, 352,
354, 356, 358, 369, 383, 392,
417–419
minimizing of, 293
remote, 1, 285
Envisat, 136
EOS-80, 190
Equation
differential, see differential equation
Equation for the inertial motion, 47
Equation of motion, 42, 43, 47, 52, 69, 70, 86,
226, 227, 239
Equation of state, 41, 91, 107, 108, 112, 202,
330
Equations for heat and salt budget, 41, 330
Equator, 83, 88, 99
Equidistribution of costs, 19
Equilibrium state, 99, 206
Equiprobability line, 325, 326, 344, 345, 347,
352, 354–358
ERA-40 reanalysis, 59, 99, 115, 160, 256, 275,
277, 295, 330
ERA-75 reanalysis, 277
ERA-Interim reanalysis, 99, 115, 233, 234,
277
Error function, 236
Error (in the model), 60, 66, 67, 171
Error sensitivity, 70
Espartel Sill, 148, 149
Estonia, 33, 103, 182, 185, 197, 212, 259, 340,
344, 345, 385, 392, 400
Estonian archipelago, 253
Estonian coast, 186, 195, 200, 208–210, 311,
387, 389
Estuarine circulation, dynamics, transport, 35,
55, 142, 158, 161, 213, 305, 328
Estuary, 68, 161, 187, 188, 328
Estuary-type basin, 131, 138, 145, 155, 166,
181, 210
EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region, viii
Euler Forward method, 238
Eulerian current, 308, 311, 403, 405
Eulerian time stepping scheme, 380
Eulerian tracking of pollution propagation, 327
Eulerian velocity, 18, 21–23, 226, 286, 290,
291, 293, 299, 304, 308, 310, 312,
326, 336, 418
Eulerian (viewpoint, specification,
description), 18, 67, 86, 102–106,
120, 121, 125, 225, 226, 286, 293,
294, 312
Eulerian–Lagrangian method, 125
Europe, European, 2, 21, 22, 24, 131, 132,
135–137, 139, 140, 142, 151, 154,
171, 295, 330
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather
Forecasts, ECMWF, 98, 234
European Space Agency, ESA, 7
European Union, 2
Evaporation, 16, 60, 83, 109, 114, 124, 131,
133, 134, 146, 169, 187, 188, 330,
372, 379, 380, 410
427
Ecosystem, 3, 5, 6, 135, 182, 213, 285
marine, 2, 3, 5, 21
Ecosystem modelling, 171, 196
Eddy, 136, 150, 299, 309, 341, 409
anticyclonic, 158, 169
Eddy diffusivity, 95, 107, 110, 112, 118, 150,
196, 197, 201, 331, 379, 380
Eddy viscosity, 42, 48, 49, 107, 110, 112, 202,
203, 241, 243
Eigen-oscillation, 146
Ekman, V.W., 47
Ekman depth, 48, 49
Ekman drift, 45, 47, 206, 211, 214, 216, 306
Ekman layer, 48–50
Ekman number, 43
Ekman pumping, 153, 164, 165
Ekman spiral, 48–50, 53, 376
Ekman theory, solution, 47, 49, 52
Ekman transport, 48, 49, 88, 195, 289, 310
Elasticity theory, 70
EMT, see Eastern Mediterranean Transient
Emulsification, 372, 377, 379, 401, 410
Emulsion, 372, 377, 380, 401
Energy budget, 39, 60, 188, 191, 201, 216
Energy dissipation, 273
Energy input scale, 269
Engineering solution, 1, 320, 323, 324, 338,
353
English Channel, 381
Ensemble approach, 102, 121, 294
Ensemble average, 121, 123, 263, 265, 269
Enstrophy cascade, 269
Entrainment, 151, 153, 157, 216
Environmental benefit, 18, 351–354, 360, 389,
417, 418
Environmental criterion, 1, 10, 15, 321, 353,
358, 368, 419
Environmental damage, loss, 5, 10, 15, 368,
374
Environmental impact assessment, 10
Environmental management, 1, 9, 16, 19, 21,
183, 285, 312, 313, 319, 321, 324,
346
Environmental pressure, vii
Environmental risk, vii, 1, 5, 8, 12, 13, 23, 24,
278, 283, 286, 302, 303, 319, 320,
322–325, 338, 345–347, 351, 352,
354, 356, 358, 369, 383, 392,
417–419
minimizing of, 293
remote, 1, 285
Envisat, 136
EOS-80, 190
Equation
differential, see differential equation
Equation for the inertial motion, 47
Equation of motion, 42, 43, 47, 52, 69, 70, 86,
226, 227, 239
Equation of state, 41, 91, 107, 108, 112, 202,
330
Equations for heat and salt budget, 41, 330
Equator, 83, 88, 99
Equidistribution of costs, 19
Equilibrium state, 99, 206
Equiprobability line, 325, 326, 344, 345, 347,
352, 354–358
ERA-40 reanalysis, 59, 99, 115, 160, 256, 275,
277, 295, 330
ERA-75 reanalysis, 277
ERA-Interim reanalysis, 99, 115, 233, 234,
277
Error function, 236
Error (in the model), 60, 66, 67, 171
Error sensitivity, 70
Espartel Sill, 148, 149
Estonia, 33, 103, 182, 185, 197, 212, 259, 340,
344, 345, 385, 392, 400
Estonian archipelago, 253
Estonian coast, 186, 195, 200, 208–210, 311,
387, 389
Estuarine circulation, dynamics, transport, 35,
55, 142, 158, 161, 213, 305, 328
Estuary, 68, 161, 187, 188, 328
Estuary-type basin, 131, 138, 145, 155, 166,
181, 210
EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region, viii
Euler Forward method, 238
Eulerian current, 308, 311, 403, 405
Eulerian time stepping scheme, 380
Eulerian tracking of pollution propagation, 327
Eulerian velocity, 18, 21–23, 226, 286, 290,
291, 293, 299, 304, 308, 310, 312,
326, 336, 418
Eulerian (viewpoint, specification,
description), 18, 67, 86, 102–106,
120, 121, 125, 225, 226, 286, 293,
294, 312
Eulerian–Lagrangian method, 125
Europe, European, 2, 21, 22, 24, 131, 132,
135–137, 139, 140, 142, 151, 154,
171, 295, 330
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather
Forecasts, ECMWF, 98, 234
European Space Agency, ESA, 7
European Union, 2
Evaporation, 16, 60, 83, 109, 114, 124, 131,
133, 134, 146, 169, 187, 188, 330,
372, 379, 380, 410