220
K. Myrberg and T. Soomere
Leppäranta M, Peltola J (1986) Satunnaiskulkumallin soveltyvuudesta Itämerelle [On the applicability of a random walk model to the Baltic Sea]. Finnish Institute of Marine Research, Internal
Report 4, Helsinki, 31 pp (in Finnish)
Lilover M-J (2012) Tidal currents as estimated from ADCP measurements in “practically nontidal” Baltic Sea. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/OES Baltic 2012 international symposium
“Ocean: past, present and future. Climate change research, ocean observation & advanced technologies for regional sustainability”, Klaip˙ eda, May 8–11, 2012. IEEE Press, New York, 4 pp
Lilover MJ, Stips AK (2011) An alternative parameterization of eddy diffusivity in the Gulf of
Finland based on the kinetic energy of high frequency internal wave band. Boreal Environ Res
16(Suppl A):103–116
Lilover M-J, Pavelson J, Kõuts T (2011) Wind forced currents over the shallow Naissaar Bank in
the Gulf of Finland. Boreal Environ Res 16(Suppl A):164–174
Lindow H (1997) Experimentelle Simulationen windangeregter dynamischer Muster in hochauflösenden numerischen Modellen. Meereswissenschaftliche Berichte No 22, Institut für Ostseeforschung, Warnemünde (in German)
Lips I, Lips U, Liblik T (2009) Consequences of coastal upwelling events on physical and chemical
patterns in the central Gulf of Finland. Cont Shelf Res 29:1836–1847
Lopatukhin LI, Bukhanovsky AV, Ivanov SV, Tshernyshova ES (eds) (2006a) Handbook of wind
and wave regimes in the Baltic Sea, North Sea, Black Sea, Azov Sea and the Mediterranean.
Russian Shipping Registry, Saint Petersburg, 450 pp (in Russian)
Lopatukhin LI, Mironov ME, Pomeranets KS, Trapeznikov ES, Tshernysheva ES (2006b) Estimates of extreme wind and wave conditions in the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland. Proc
VNIIG 245:145–155 (in Russian)
Lu X, Soomere T, Stanev EV, Murawski J (2012) Identification of the environmentally safe fairway
in the South-Western Baltic Sea and Kattegat. Ocean Dyn 62:815–829
Mälkki P, Talpsepp L (1988) On the joint Soviet-Finnish experiment in the Gulf of Finland in May
1987: the results of hydrophysical measurements. In: Proceedings of the 16th conference of
Baltic oceanographers, Kiel, pp 687–695
Mälkki P, Tamsalu R (1985) Physical features of the Baltic Sea. Finn Mar Res 252, 110 pp
Meier HEM (1999) First results of multi-year simulations using a 3D Baltic Sea model. SMHI
Reports Oceanography, No 27, Norrköping, Sweden, 48 pp
Meier HEM (2005) Modeling the age of Baltic Sea water masses: quantification and steady-state
sensitivity experiments. J Geophys Res—Oceans 110:C02006
Meier HEM (2007) Modeling the pathways and ages of inflowing salt- and freshwater in the Baltic
Sea. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 74:610–627
Meier HEM, Döscher R (2002) Simulated water and heat cycles of the Baltic Sea using a 3D
coupled atmosphere–ice–ocean model. Boreal Environ Res 7:327–334
Mietus M (co-ordinator) (1998) The climate of the Baltic Sea Basin, Marine meteorology and
related oceanographic activities. Report No 41, World Meteorological Organisation, Geneva,
64 pp
Mikhailov YD (1974) Statistical characteristics of turbulent field of current velocities and their
estimation in the coastal zone of the Baltic Sea. Proc State Oceanogr Inst 122:90–107 (in Russian)
Mikhailov YD (1981) Horizontal turbulence in the eastern Gulf of Finland. Collect Works Leningr
Hydrometeorol Obs 12:29–33 (in Russian)
Mikhailov AE, Tshernyshova ES (1997) General water circulation. In: Davidan IN, Savchuk OP
(eds) “Baltica” project. Issue 5. Part 2. Ecosystem models. assessment of the modern state of
the Gulf of Finland. Gidrometeoizdat, Saint Petersburg, pp 245–260 (in Russian)
Mikulski Z (1970) Inflow of river water to the Baltic Sea in 1961–1970. Nord Hydrol 4:216–227
Millero FJ, Feistel R, Wright DG, McDougall TJ (2008) The composition of standard seawater and
the definition of the reference-composition salinity scale. Deep-Sea Res I 55:50–72
Myrberg K (1998) Analysing and modelling the physical processes of the Gulf of Finland in the
Baltic Sea. Monographs of the Boreal Environment Research, vol 10
K. Myrberg and T. Soomere
Leppäranta M, Peltola J (1986) Satunnaiskulkumallin soveltyvuudesta Itämerelle [On the applicability of a random walk model to the Baltic Sea]. Finnish Institute of Marine Research, Internal
Report 4, Helsinki, 31 pp (in Finnish)
Lilover M-J (2012) Tidal currents as estimated from ADCP measurements in “practically nontidal” Baltic Sea. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/OES Baltic 2012 international symposium
“Ocean: past, present and future. Climate change research, ocean observation & advanced technologies for regional sustainability”, Klaip˙ eda, May 8–11, 2012. IEEE Press, New York, 4 pp
Lilover MJ, Stips AK (2011) An alternative parameterization of eddy diffusivity in the Gulf of
Finland based on the kinetic energy of high frequency internal wave band. Boreal Environ Res
16(Suppl A):103–116
Lilover M-J, Pavelson J, Kõuts T (2011) Wind forced currents over the shallow Naissaar Bank in
the Gulf of Finland. Boreal Environ Res 16(Suppl A):164–174
Lindow H (1997) Experimentelle Simulationen windangeregter dynamischer Muster in hochauflösenden numerischen Modellen. Meereswissenschaftliche Berichte No 22, Institut für Ostseeforschung, Warnemünde (in German)
Lips I, Lips U, Liblik T (2009) Consequences of coastal upwelling events on physical and chemical
patterns in the central Gulf of Finland. Cont Shelf Res 29:1836–1847
Lopatukhin LI, Bukhanovsky AV, Ivanov SV, Tshernyshova ES (eds) (2006a) Handbook of wind
and wave regimes in the Baltic Sea, North Sea, Black Sea, Azov Sea and the Mediterranean.
Russian Shipping Registry, Saint Petersburg, 450 pp (in Russian)
Lopatukhin LI, Mironov ME, Pomeranets KS, Trapeznikov ES, Tshernysheva ES (2006b) Estimates of extreme wind and wave conditions in the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland. Proc
VNIIG 245:145–155 (in Russian)
Lu X, Soomere T, Stanev EV, Murawski J (2012) Identification of the environmentally safe fairway
in the South-Western Baltic Sea and Kattegat. Ocean Dyn 62:815–829
Mälkki P, Talpsepp L (1988) On the joint Soviet-Finnish experiment in the Gulf of Finland in May
1987: the results of hydrophysical measurements. In: Proceedings of the 16th conference of
Baltic oceanographers, Kiel, pp 687–695
Mälkki P, Tamsalu R (1985) Physical features of the Baltic Sea. Finn Mar Res 252, 110 pp
Meier HEM (1999) First results of multi-year simulations using a 3D Baltic Sea model. SMHI
Reports Oceanography, No 27, Norrköping, Sweden, 48 pp
Meier HEM (2005) Modeling the age of Baltic Sea water masses: quantification and steady-state
sensitivity experiments. J Geophys Res—Oceans 110:C02006
Meier HEM (2007) Modeling the pathways and ages of inflowing salt- and freshwater in the Baltic
Sea. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 74:610–627
Meier HEM, Döscher R (2002) Simulated water and heat cycles of the Baltic Sea using a 3D
coupled atmosphere–ice–ocean model. Boreal Environ Res 7:327–334
Mietus M (co-ordinator) (1998) The climate of the Baltic Sea Basin, Marine meteorology and
related oceanographic activities. Report No 41, World Meteorological Organisation, Geneva,
64 pp
Mikhailov YD (1974) Statistical characteristics of turbulent field of current velocities and their
estimation in the coastal zone of the Baltic Sea. Proc State Oceanogr Inst 122:90–107 (in Russian)
Mikhailov YD (1981) Horizontal turbulence in the eastern Gulf of Finland. Collect Works Leningr
Hydrometeorol Obs 12:29–33 (in Russian)
Mikhailov AE, Tshernyshova ES (1997) General water circulation. In: Davidan IN, Savchuk OP
(eds) “Baltica” project. Issue 5. Part 2. Ecosystem models. assessment of the modern state of
the Gulf of Finland. Gidrometeoizdat, Saint Petersburg, pp 245–260 (in Russian)
Mikulski Z (1970) Inflow of river water to the Baltic Sea in 1961–1970. Nord Hydrol 4:216–227
Millero FJ, Feistel R, Wright DG, McDougall TJ (2008) The composition of standard seawater and
the definition of the reference-composition salinity scale. Deep-Sea Res I 55:50–72
Myrberg K (1998) Analysing and modelling the physical processes of the Gulf of Finland in the
Baltic Sea. Monographs of the Boreal Environment Research, vol 10