6 The Gulf of Finland
219
Jönsson B, Döös K, Nycander J, Lundberg P (2008) Standing waves in the Gulf of Finland and
their relationship to the basin-wide Baltic seiches. J Geophys Res—Oceans 113:C03004
Jurva R (1937) Laskelmia meriemme lämpövarastosta. Suomi Merellä 12:162–191 (in Finnish)
Keevallik S, Rajasalu R (2001) Winds on the 500 hPa isobaric level over Estonia (1953–1998).
Phys Chem Earth 26:425–429
Keevallik S, Soomere T (2004) Trends in wind speed over the Gulf of Finland 1961–2000. In:
Isemer H-J (ed) Fourth study conference on BALTEX, Gudhjem, Bornholm, Denmark, 24–28
May 2004. International BALTEX Secretariat, Publication No 29, pp 129–130
Keevallik S, Soomere T (2008) Shifts in early spring wind regime in North-East Europe (1955–
2007). Clim Past 4:147–152
Keevallik S, Soomere T (2010) Towards quantifying variations in wind parameters across the Gulf
of Finland. Est J Earth Sci 59:288–297
Kononen K, Kuparinen J, Mäkelä K, Laanemets J, Pavelson J, Nõmmann S (1996) Initiation of
cyanobacterial blooms in a frontal region at the entrance to the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea.
Limnol Oceanogr 41:98–112
Kõuts T, Verjovkina S, Lagemaa P, Raudsepp U (2010) Use of lightweight on-line GPS drifters
for surface current and ice drift observations. In: 2010 IEEE/OES US/EU Baltic international
symposium, Riga, Latvia, August 25–27, 2010. IEEE Press, New York
Knudsen M (1900) Ein Hydrographischer Lehrsatz [A hydrographical theorem]. Ann Marit Meteorol 28:316–320 (in German)
Kurkina O, Pelinovsky E, Talipova T, Soomere T (2011) Mapping the internal wave field in
the Baltic Sea in the context of sediment transport in shallow water. J Coast Res 64(Special
Issue):2042–2047
Laakkonen A, Mälkki P, Niemi Å (1981) Studies of the sinking, degradation and sedimentation of
organic matter off Hanko Peninsula, entrance of the Gulf of Finland, in 1979. MERI 9:3–42
Laanearu J (2003) On coastal waves and related upwellings in the Narva Bay. In: Brebbia CA, Almorza D, Lopez-Aguayo F (eds) Coastal engineering VI, computer modelling and experimental
measurements of seas and coastal regions. WIT Press, Southampton, pp 53–61
Laanearu J, Lips U (2003) Observed thermohaline fields and low-frequency currents in the Narva
Bay. Proc Est Acad Sci, Eng 9:99–106
Laanemets J, Kononen K, Pavelson J (1997) Nutrient intrusions at the entrance area to the Gulf of
Finland. Boreal Environ Res 2:337–344
Lass HU, Matthäus W (1996) On temporal wind variations forcing salt water inflows into the Baltic
Sea. Tellus A 48:663–671
Launiainen J (1982) Variation of salinity at Finnish fixed hydrographic stations in the Gulf of
Finland and river runoff of the Baltic Sea. In: Gulf of Finland seminar, Leningrad, August 16–
20, 1982, 12 pp
Launiainen J, Saarinen J (1982) Examples of comparison of wind and air–sea interaction characteristics on the open sea and in the coastal areas of the Gulf of Finland. Geophysica 19:33–46
Lehmann A, Hinrichsen H-H (2000) On the thermohaline variability of the Baltic Sea. J Mar Syst
25:333–357
Lehmann A, Myrberg K (2008) Upwelling in the Baltic Sea—a review. J Mar Syst 74:S3–S12
Lehmann A, Krauss W, Hinrichsen H-H (2002) Effects of remote and local atmospheric forcing
on circulation and upwelling in the Baltic Sea. Tellus A 54:299–316
Lehmann A, Myrberg K, Höflich K (2012) A statistical approach to coastal upwelling in the Baltic
Sea based on the analysis of satellite data for 1990–2009. Oceanologia 54:369–393
Lentz W (1971) Monatskarte der Temperatur der Ostsee dargestellt für verschiedene Tiefenhorisonte. Dtsch Hydrogr Z. Ergänz.heft Reihe B 11:1–148 (in German)
Leppäranta M (1981) On the structure and mechanics of pack ice in the Bothnian Bay. Finn Mar
Res 248:3–86
Leppäranta M (2010) The drift of sea ice. Springer Praxis, Berlin, 266 pp
Leppäranta M, Myrberg K (2009) Physical oceanography of the Baltic Sea. Springer Praxis, Berlin,
378 pp
219
Jönsson B, Döös K, Nycander J, Lundberg P (2008) Standing waves in the Gulf of Finland and
their relationship to the basin-wide Baltic seiches. J Geophys Res—Oceans 113:C03004
Jurva R (1937) Laskelmia meriemme lämpövarastosta. Suomi Merellä 12:162–191 (in Finnish)
Keevallik S, Rajasalu R (2001) Winds on the 500 hPa isobaric level over Estonia (1953–1998).
Phys Chem Earth 26:425–429
Keevallik S, Soomere T (2004) Trends in wind speed over the Gulf of Finland 1961–2000. In:
Isemer H-J (ed) Fourth study conference on BALTEX, Gudhjem, Bornholm, Denmark, 24–28
May 2004. International BALTEX Secretariat, Publication No 29, pp 129–130
Keevallik S, Soomere T (2008) Shifts in early spring wind regime in North-East Europe (1955–
2007). Clim Past 4:147–152
Keevallik S, Soomere T (2010) Towards quantifying variations in wind parameters across the Gulf
of Finland. Est J Earth Sci 59:288–297
Kononen K, Kuparinen J, Mäkelä K, Laanemets J, Pavelson J, Nõmmann S (1996) Initiation of
cyanobacterial blooms in a frontal region at the entrance to the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea.
Limnol Oceanogr 41:98–112
Kõuts T, Verjovkina S, Lagemaa P, Raudsepp U (2010) Use of lightweight on-line GPS drifters
for surface current and ice drift observations. In: 2010 IEEE/OES US/EU Baltic international
symposium, Riga, Latvia, August 25–27, 2010. IEEE Press, New York
Knudsen M (1900) Ein Hydrographischer Lehrsatz [A hydrographical theorem]. Ann Marit Meteorol 28:316–320 (in German)
Kurkina O, Pelinovsky E, Talipova T, Soomere T (2011) Mapping the internal wave field in
the Baltic Sea in the context of sediment transport in shallow water. J Coast Res 64(Special
Issue):2042–2047
Laakkonen A, Mälkki P, Niemi Å (1981) Studies of the sinking, degradation and sedimentation of
organic matter off Hanko Peninsula, entrance of the Gulf of Finland, in 1979. MERI 9:3–42
Laanearu J (2003) On coastal waves and related upwellings in the Narva Bay. In: Brebbia CA, Almorza D, Lopez-Aguayo F (eds) Coastal engineering VI, computer modelling and experimental
measurements of seas and coastal regions. WIT Press, Southampton, pp 53–61
Laanearu J, Lips U (2003) Observed thermohaline fields and low-frequency currents in the Narva
Bay. Proc Est Acad Sci, Eng 9:99–106
Laanemets J, Kononen K, Pavelson J (1997) Nutrient intrusions at the entrance area to the Gulf of
Finland. Boreal Environ Res 2:337–344
Lass HU, Matthäus W (1996) On temporal wind variations forcing salt water inflows into the Baltic
Sea. Tellus A 48:663–671
Launiainen J (1982) Variation of salinity at Finnish fixed hydrographic stations in the Gulf of
Finland and river runoff of the Baltic Sea. In: Gulf of Finland seminar, Leningrad, August 16–
20, 1982, 12 pp
Launiainen J, Saarinen J (1982) Examples of comparison of wind and air–sea interaction characteristics on the open sea and in the coastal areas of the Gulf of Finland. Geophysica 19:33–46
Lehmann A, Hinrichsen H-H (2000) On the thermohaline variability of the Baltic Sea. J Mar Syst
25:333–357
Lehmann A, Myrberg K (2008) Upwelling in the Baltic Sea—a review. J Mar Syst 74:S3–S12
Lehmann A, Krauss W, Hinrichsen H-H (2002) Effects of remote and local atmospheric forcing
on circulation and upwelling in the Baltic Sea. Tellus A 54:299–316
Lehmann A, Myrberg K, Höflich K (2012) A statistical approach to coastal upwelling in the Baltic
Sea based on the analysis of satellite data for 1990–2009. Oceanologia 54:369–393
Lentz W (1971) Monatskarte der Temperatur der Ostsee dargestellt für verschiedene Tiefenhorisonte. Dtsch Hydrogr Z. Ergänz.heft Reihe B 11:1–148 (in German)
Leppäranta M (1981) On the structure and mechanics of pack ice in the Bothnian Bay. Finn Mar
Res 248:3–86
Leppäranta M (2010) The drift of sea ice. Springer Praxis, Berlin, 266 pp
Leppäranta M, Myrberg K (2009) Physical oceanography of the Baltic Sea. Springer Praxis, Berlin,
378 pp