218
K. Myrberg and T. Soomere
Andrejev O, Myrberg K, Lundberg PA (2004b) Age and renewal time of water masses in a semienclosed basin—application to the Gulf of Finland. Tellus A 56:548–558
Andrejev O, Sokolov A, Soomere T, Värv R, Viikmäe B (2010) The use of high-resolution
bathymetry for circulation modelling in the Gulf of Finland. Est J Eng 16:187–210
Belyshev AP, Preobrazhensky LY (1988) Structure of currents in the Neva Bight and eastern Gulf
of Finland based on field measurements. Proc State Hydrol Inst 321:4–16 (in Russian)
Bergström S, Carlsson B (1994) River runoff to the Baltic Sea: 1950–1990. Ambio 23:280–287
Bolin B, Rodhe H (1973) A note on the concepts of age distribution and transit term in natural
reservoirs. Tellus 25:58–62
Cushman-Roisin BJ, Beckers J-M (2011) Introduction to geophysical fluid dynamics: physical and
numerical aspects. Academic Press, San Diego, 828 pp
Deleersnijder E, Campin J-M, Delhez EJM (2001) The concept of age in marine modelling. I. Theory and preliminary model results. J Mar Syst 28:229–267
Dera J, Wozniak B (2010) Solar radiation in the Baltic Sea. Oceanologia 52:533–582
Drijfhout SS (1989) Eddy-genesis and the related heat transport: a parameter study. In: Nihoul JCJ,
Jamart BM (eds) Mesoscale/synoptic coherent structures in geophysical turbulence. Elsevier
oceanography series, vol 50, pp 245–263
Ehlin U (1981) Hydrology of the Baltic Sea. In: Voipio A (ed) The Baltic Sea. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 123–134
Elken J, Matthäus W (2008) Physical system description. In: The BACC author team, assessment
of climate change for the Baltic Sea basin. Springer, Berlin, pp 379–386
Elken J, Raudsepp U, Lips U (2003) On the estuarine transport reversal in deep layers of the Gulf
of Finland. J Sea Res 49:267–274
Elken J, Mälkki P, Alenius P, Stipa T (2006) Large halocline variations in the northern Baltic
Proper and associated meso- and basin-scale processes. Oceanologia 48(S):91–117
Elken J, Nõmm M, Lagemaa P (2011) Circulation patterns in the Gulf of Finland derived from the
EOF analysis of model results. Boreal Environ Res 16(Suppl A):84–102
Feistel G, Nausch G, Wasmund N (2008) State and evolution of the Baltic Sea, 1952–2005. Wiley,
Hoboken, 703 pp
Fennel W, Seifert T, Kayser B (1991) Rossby radii and phase speeds in the Baltic Sea. Cont Shelf
Res 11:23–36
Gästgifvars M, Lauri H, Sarkanen A-K, Myrberg K, Andrejev O, Ambjörn C (2006) Modelling
surface drifting of buoys during a rapidly-moving weather front in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic
Sea. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 70:567–576
Gidhagen L (1987) Coastal upwelling in the Baltic Sea—satellite and in situ measurements of
sea-surface temperatures indicating coastal upwelling. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 24:449–462
Granö O, Roto M (1989) The duration of shore exposure along the emerging Finnish coast. J Coast
Res 5:49–55
Haapala J (1994) Upwelling and its influence on nutrient concentration in the coastal area of the
Hanko Peninsula, entrance of the Gulf of Finland. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 38:507–521
Haapala J, Alenius P (1994) Temperature and salinity statistics for the northern Baltic Sea 1961–
1990. Finn Mar Res 262:51–121
Haapala J, Launiainen J, Keynäs K, Pokki J (1990) Hankoniemen edustan virtaustutkimus. Loppuraportti. Helsingin Yliopisto, geofysiikan laitos, 59 pp (in Finnish)
Hela I (1946) Coriolis-voiman vaikutuksesta Suomenlahden hydrografisiin oloihin. Terra 58:52–59
(in Finnish)
Hela I (1952) Drift currents and permanent flow. Commentationes physico-mathematicae, vol XVI.
Societas scientarium Fennica, Helsinki, 14, 27 pp
HELCOM (1986) Water balance of the Baltic Sea. Baltic Marine Environment Protection
Commission—Helsinki Commission, Helsinki, Finland. Baltic Sea environment proceedings,
vol 16, 174 pp
Ivanov VN, Mikhailov YD (1972) Estimation of velocity of turbulent energy dissipation and horizontal turbulent diffusion coefficient in the Baltic Sea. Proc State Hydrol Inst 6:1–12 (in Russian)
K. Myrberg and T. Soomere
Andrejev O, Myrberg K, Lundberg PA (2004b) Age and renewal time of water masses in a semienclosed basin—application to the Gulf of Finland. Tellus A 56:548–558
Andrejev O, Sokolov A, Soomere T, Värv R, Viikmäe B (2010) The use of high-resolution
bathymetry for circulation modelling in the Gulf of Finland. Est J Eng 16:187–210
Belyshev AP, Preobrazhensky LY (1988) Structure of currents in the Neva Bight and eastern Gulf
of Finland based on field measurements. Proc State Hydrol Inst 321:4–16 (in Russian)
Bergström S, Carlsson B (1994) River runoff to the Baltic Sea: 1950–1990. Ambio 23:280–287
Bolin B, Rodhe H (1973) A note on the concepts of age distribution and transit term in natural
reservoirs. Tellus 25:58–62
Cushman-Roisin BJ, Beckers J-M (2011) Introduction to geophysical fluid dynamics: physical and
numerical aspects. Academic Press, San Diego, 828 pp
Deleersnijder E, Campin J-M, Delhez EJM (2001) The concept of age in marine modelling. I. Theory and preliminary model results. J Mar Syst 28:229–267
Dera J, Wozniak B (2010) Solar radiation in the Baltic Sea. Oceanologia 52:533–582
Drijfhout SS (1989) Eddy-genesis and the related heat transport: a parameter study. In: Nihoul JCJ,
Jamart BM (eds) Mesoscale/synoptic coherent structures in geophysical turbulence. Elsevier
oceanography series, vol 50, pp 245–263
Ehlin U (1981) Hydrology of the Baltic Sea. In: Voipio A (ed) The Baltic Sea. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 123–134
Elken J, Matthäus W (2008) Physical system description. In: The BACC author team, assessment
of climate change for the Baltic Sea basin. Springer, Berlin, pp 379–386
Elken J, Raudsepp U, Lips U (2003) On the estuarine transport reversal in deep layers of the Gulf
of Finland. J Sea Res 49:267–274
Elken J, Mälkki P, Alenius P, Stipa T (2006) Large halocline variations in the northern Baltic
Proper and associated meso- and basin-scale processes. Oceanologia 48(S):91–117
Elken J, Nõmm M, Lagemaa P (2011) Circulation patterns in the Gulf of Finland derived from the
EOF analysis of model results. Boreal Environ Res 16(Suppl A):84–102
Feistel G, Nausch G, Wasmund N (2008) State and evolution of the Baltic Sea, 1952–2005. Wiley,
Hoboken, 703 pp
Fennel W, Seifert T, Kayser B (1991) Rossby radii and phase speeds in the Baltic Sea. Cont Shelf
Res 11:23–36
Gästgifvars M, Lauri H, Sarkanen A-K, Myrberg K, Andrejev O, Ambjörn C (2006) Modelling
surface drifting of buoys during a rapidly-moving weather front in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic
Sea. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 70:567–576
Gidhagen L (1987) Coastal upwelling in the Baltic Sea—satellite and in situ measurements of
sea-surface temperatures indicating coastal upwelling. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 24:449–462
Granö O, Roto M (1989) The duration of shore exposure along the emerging Finnish coast. J Coast
Res 5:49–55
Haapala J (1994) Upwelling and its influence on nutrient concentration in the coastal area of the
Hanko Peninsula, entrance of the Gulf of Finland. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 38:507–521
Haapala J, Alenius P (1994) Temperature and salinity statistics for the northern Baltic Sea 1961–
1990. Finn Mar Res 262:51–121
Haapala J, Launiainen J, Keynäs K, Pokki J (1990) Hankoniemen edustan virtaustutkimus. Loppuraportti. Helsingin Yliopisto, geofysiikan laitos, 59 pp (in Finnish)
Hela I (1946) Coriolis-voiman vaikutuksesta Suomenlahden hydrografisiin oloihin. Terra 58:52–59
(in Finnish)
Hela I (1952) Drift currents and permanent flow. Commentationes physico-mathematicae, vol XVI.
Societas scientarium Fennica, Helsinki, 14, 27 pp
HELCOM (1986) Water balance of the Baltic Sea. Baltic Marine Environment Protection
Commission—Helsinki Commission, Helsinki, Finland. Baltic Sea environment proceedings,
vol 16, 174 pp
Ivanov VN, Mikhailov YD (1972) Estimation of velocity of turbulent energy dissipation and horizontal turbulent diffusion coefficient in the Baltic Sea. Proc State Hydrol Inst 6:1–12 (in Russian)