174
E.V. Stanev and X. Lu
Güler I, Yüksel Y, Yalciner AC, Cevik E, Ingerslev C (2006) Measurement and evaluation of the
hydrodynamics and secondary currents in and near a strait connecting large water bodies—a
field study. J Ocean Eng 33:1718–1748
Gunnerson CG, Ozturgut E (1974) The Bosphorus. In: Degens ET, Ross DA (eds) The Black
Sea—geology, chemistry and biology. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa,
p 103
Gustafsson BG (2000) Time-dependent modeling of the Baltic Entrance Area. 1. Quantification
of circulation and residence times in the Kattegat and the straits of the Baltic sill. Estuaries
23:231–252
HELCOM (1986) Water balance of the Baltic Sea. Baltic Marine Environment Protection
Commission—Helsinki Commission, Helsinki, Finland. Baltic Sea environment proceedings,
vol 16, 174 pp
Hofmeister R, Beckers JM, Burchard H (2011) Realistic modelling of the exceptional inflows into
the central Baltic Sea in 2003 using terrain-following coordinates. Ocean Model 39:233–247
Hogg A, Ivey G, Winters K (2001) Hydraulics and mixing in controlled exchange flows. J Geophys
Res—Oceans 103:30,696–30,711
Hünicke B, Zorita E, Haeseler S (2010) Baltic Holocene Climate and regional sea-level change: a
statistical analysis of observations, reconstructions and simulations within present and past as
analogues for future changes. Final report of the DFG research unit SINCOS-2, GKSS Report
2010/2
Jarosz E, Teague WJ, Book JW, Be¸ siktepe S (2011) Observed volume fluxes in the Bosphorus
Strait. Geophys Res Lett 38:L21608
Josey SA (2003) Changes in the heat and freshwater forcing of the eastern Mediterranean and their
influence on deep water formation. J Geophys Res—Oceans 108:3237
Kara AB, Wallcraft AJ, Hurlburt H (2005) A new solar radiation penetration cheme for use in ocean
mixed layer studies: An application to the Black Sea using a fine resolution Hybrid Coordinate
Ocean Model (HYCOM). J Phys Oceanogr 35:13–32
Kara AB, Wallcraft AJ, Hurlburt HE, Stanev EV (2008) Air–sea fluxes and river discharges in the
Black Sea with a focus on the Danube and Bosphorus. J Mar Syst 74:74–95
Kinder TH, Bryden HL (1990) Aspiration of deep waters through straits. In: Pratt LJ (ed) The
physical oceanography of sea straits. Kluwer Academic, London, pp 295–319
Klein B, Roether W, Manca BB, Bregant D, Beitzel V, Kovacevic V, Luchetta A (1999) The large
deep water transient in the eastern Mediterranean. Deep-Sea Res, Part I 46:371–414
Kleine E (1994) Das operationelle Modell des BSH für Nordsee und Ostsee, Konzeption und Übersicht. Bundesamt für Seeschifffart und Hydrographie, 126 pp (in German)
Konovalov SK, Luther III GW, Friederich GE, Nuzzio DB, Tebo BM, Murray JW, Oguz T, Glazer
B, Trouwborst RE, Clement B, Murray KL, Romanov AS (2003) Lateral injection of oxygen
with the Bosporus plume–fingers of oxidizing potential in the Black Sea. Limnol Oceanogr
48:2369–2376
Kontoyiannis H, Balopoulos E, Gotsis-Skretas O, Pavlidou A, Assimakopoulou G, Papageorigiou E (2005) The hydrology and biochemistry of the Cretan Straits (Antikithira and Kassos
Straits) revisited in the period June 1997–May 1998. J Mar Syst 53:37–57
Korotaev G, Oguz T, Riser S (2006) Intermediate and deep currents of the Black Sea obtained from
autonomous profiling floats. Deep-Sea Res, Part II 53:1901–1910
Krauss W, Brügge B (1991) Wind-produced water exchange between the deep basins of the Baltic
Sea. J Phys Oceanogr 21:373–384
Laanearu J, Lundberg P (2003) Topographically constrained deep-water flows in the Baltic Sea.
J Sea Res 49:257–265
Laanemets J, Väli G, Zhurbas V, Elken J, Lips I, Lips U (2011) Simulation of mesoscale structures
and nutrient transport during summer upwelling events in the Gulf of Finland in 2006. Boreal
Environ Res 16(Suppl A):15–26
Larsen J, Høyer JL, She J (2007) Validation of a hybrid optimal interpolation and Kalman filter
scheme of sea surface temperature assimilation. J Mar Syst 65:122–133
E.V. Stanev and X. Lu
Güler I, Yüksel Y, Yalciner AC, Cevik E, Ingerslev C (2006) Measurement and evaluation of the
hydrodynamics and secondary currents in and near a strait connecting large water bodies—a
field study. J Ocean Eng 33:1718–1748
Gunnerson CG, Ozturgut E (1974) The Bosphorus. In: Degens ET, Ross DA (eds) The Black
Sea—geology, chemistry and biology. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa,
p 103
Gustafsson BG (2000) Time-dependent modeling of the Baltic Entrance Area. 1. Quantification
of circulation and residence times in the Kattegat and the straits of the Baltic sill. Estuaries
23:231–252
HELCOM (1986) Water balance of the Baltic Sea. Baltic Marine Environment Protection
Commission—Helsinki Commission, Helsinki, Finland. Baltic Sea environment proceedings,
vol 16, 174 pp
Hofmeister R, Beckers JM, Burchard H (2011) Realistic modelling of the exceptional inflows into
the central Baltic Sea in 2003 using terrain-following coordinates. Ocean Model 39:233–247
Hogg A, Ivey G, Winters K (2001) Hydraulics and mixing in controlled exchange flows. J Geophys
Res—Oceans 103:30,696–30,711
Hünicke B, Zorita E, Haeseler S (2010) Baltic Holocene Climate and regional sea-level change: a
statistical analysis of observations, reconstructions and simulations within present and past as
analogues for future changes. Final report of the DFG research unit SINCOS-2, GKSS Report
2010/2
Jarosz E, Teague WJ, Book JW, Be¸ siktepe S (2011) Observed volume fluxes in the Bosphorus
Strait. Geophys Res Lett 38:L21608
Josey SA (2003) Changes in the heat and freshwater forcing of the eastern Mediterranean and their
influence on deep water formation. J Geophys Res—Oceans 108:3237
Kara AB, Wallcraft AJ, Hurlburt H (2005) A new solar radiation penetration cheme for use in ocean
mixed layer studies: An application to the Black Sea using a fine resolution Hybrid Coordinate
Ocean Model (HYCOM). J Phys Oceanogr 35:13–32
Kara AB, Wallcraft AJ, Hurlburt HE, Stanev EV (2008) Air–sea fluxes and river discharges in the
Black Sea with a focus on the Danube and Bosphorus. J Mar Syst 74:74–95
Kinder TH, Bryden HL (1990) Aspiration of deep waters through straits. In: Pratt LJ (ed) The
physical oceanography of sea straits. Kluwer Academic, London, pp 295–319
Klein B, Roether W, Manca BB, Bregant D, Beitzel V, Kovacevic V, Luchetta A (1999) The large
deep water transient in the eastern Mediterranean. Deep-Sea Res, Part I 46:371–414
Kleine E (1994) Das operationelle Modell des BSH für Nordsee und Ostsee, Konzeption und Übersicht. Bundesamt für Seeschifffart und Hydrographie, 126 pp (in German)
Konovalov SK, Luther III GW, Friederich GE, Nuzzio DB, Tebo BM, Murray JW, Oguz T, Glazer
B, Trouwborst RE, Clement B, Murray KL, Romanov AS (2003) Lateral injection of oxygen
with the Bosporus plume–fingers of oxidizing potential in the Black Sea. Limnol Oceanogr
48:2369–2376
Kontoyiannis H, Balopoulos E, Gotsis-Skretas O, Pavlidou A, Assimakopoulou G, Papageorigiou E (2005) The hydrology and biochemistry of the Cretan Straits (Antikithira and Kassos
Straits) revisited in the period June 1997–May 1998. J Mar Syst 53:37–57
Korotaev G, Oguz T, Riser S (2006) Intermediate and deep currents of the Black Sea obtained from
autonomous profiling floats. Deep-Sea Res, Part II 53:1901–1910
Krauss W, Brügge B (1991) Wind-produced water exchange between the deep basins of the Baltic
Sea. J Phys Oceanogr 21:373–384
Laanearu J, Lundberg P (2003) Topographically constrained deep-water flows in the Baltic Sea.
J Sea Res 49:257–265
Laanemets J, Väli G, Zhurbas V, Elken J, Lips I, Lips U (2011) Simulation of mesoscale structures
and nutrient transport during summer upwelling events in the Gulf of Finland in 2006. Boreal
Environ Res 16(Suppl A):15–26
Larsen J, Høyer JL, She J (2007) Validation of a hybrid optimal interpolation and Kalman filter
scheme of sea surface temperature assimilation. J Mar Syst 65:122–133