CHAPTER 4 • Methods and Tools to Support eZM
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particular coastal zone management strategy. Such arrangements are part of the assessment of the manageability of a plan, which should also consider:
• Cross-boundary inter-dependencies, expressing the managers' degrees of freedom
to develop and implement their own CZM policies and strategies;
• Sources of finance particular the possibilities to make the required investments,
which are dependent on access to national savings, international funds or aid from
donors;
• Technical capabilities, i.e. the level of technical information and expertize;
• Social acceptability, which will depend on, amongst others on the level of awareness,
people's participation, access to resources, and traditional values and/or religious
beliefs.
4.5.2
Institutional Arrangements
Some of the management actions selected will involve strengthening of institutional
arrangements and empowerment oflocal authorities, a reiteration of customary rights
and a strengthening of community organisation. Several different institutional approaches are possible to perform the task of interagency coordination such as:
• The national planning agency;
• The formal establishment of an interagency or inter-ministerial council;
• The creation of a special coordinating commission or committee;
• The formal designation of one of the line agencies or ministries to act as "lead
agency" and to oversee an interagency coordination process.
4.5.3
Financing
The basis of a plan of execution is the funding of the management tasks. An overview
of funding sources and ~echanisms shows that internal sources of the state concerned
is the most important source, much more important than external financial sources
like grants and multi-lateral loans. Internal financial sources can comprise user charges
to ensure that those who benefit contribute to the costs of the service. It may comprise
of charging the polluter systems. Such money can be re-invested in subsidies to stimulate sanitation programs or be invested in technology to prevent pollution. The mentioned charges in combination with local or national taxes is the basis for every program. The private sector can be involved in some cases through borrowing, the set-up
of a revolving fund or through private sector participation.
4.5.4
Monitoring
The results of the ICZM programme should be subject to regular monitoring and evaluation as a way of continually improving the process. It is especially important, therefore, that the goals and objectives of the ICZM pr~gramme be specified as clearly and
81
particular coastal zone management strategy. Such arrangements are part of the assessment of the manageability of a plan, which should also consider:
• Cross-boundary inter-dependencies, expressing the managers' degrees of freedom
to develop and implement their own CZM policies and strategies;
• Sources of finance particular the possibilities to make the required investments,
which are dependent on access to national savings, international funds or aid from
donors;
• Technical capabilities, i.e. the level of technical information and expertize;
• Social acceptability, which will depend on, amongst others on the level of awareness,
people's participation, access to resources, and traditional values and/or religious
beliefs.
4.5.2
Institutional Arrangements
Some of the management actions selected will involve strengthening of institutional
arrangements and empowerment oflocal authorities, a reiteration of customary rights
and a strengthening of community organisation. Several different institutional approaches are possible to perform the task of interagency coordination such as:
• The national planning agency;
• The formal establishment of an interagency or inter-ministerial council;
• The creation of a special coordinating commission or committee;
• The formal designation of one of the line agencies or ministries to act as "lead
agency" and to oversee an interagency coordination process.
4.5.3
Financing
The basis of a plan of execution is the funding of the management tasks. An overview
of funding sources and ~echanisms shows that internal sources of the state concerned
is the most important source, much more important than external financial sources
like grants and multi-lateral loans. Internal financial sources can comprise user charges
to ensure that those who benefit contribute to the costs of the service. It may comprise
of charging the polluter systems. Such money can be re-invested in subsidies to stimulate sanitation programs or be invested in technology to prevent pollution. The mentioned charges in combination with local or national taxes is the basis for every program. The private sector can be involved in some cases through borrowing, the set-up
of a revolving fund or through private sector participation.
4.5.4
Monitoring
The results of the ICZM programme should be subject to regular monitoring and evaluation as a way of continually improving the process. It is especially important, therefore, that the goals and objectives of the ICZM pr~gramme be specified as clearly and