80
J. van der Weide . L. de Vrees
• Secondly, practical control mechanisms should be defined for each group of actors.
In this respect both social, technological and political interventions can be considered. Public awareness campaigns may be used to mobilize the general public. A
change in societal attitude cost a little but may gain a lot. As a next step technological interventions should be considered which improve the state of the environment
but which create at the same time an improved performance of the production system. This can often be achieved if technological means are supplemented by financial incentives. Finally, however, interventions have to be realized which are beneficial for the environment but have a negative effect on the coast of living and production. Laws, regulations and financial instruments are now required to enforce
the required interventions.
4.!;
Policy Instruments to Coordinate Administrative and Governance
Initiatives at Various Levels and in Different Sectors
4.5.1
General
As indicated by the World Coast Conference, 1993, a basic element of an ICZM programme is the arrangement of management responsibilities. Management arrangements should comprise institutional arrangements and management instruments.
Together they provide the framework which specifies the management tasks and
the context in which these management tasks are carried out. This framework encompasses
• the structure of government and non-governmental organisations, including mechanisms for linking responsible agencies and organisations,
• the set of laws, conventions, decrees and standards for environmental quality, and
• the set of traditions and social norms such as customary laws.
Each of the responsible agencies has a set of management instruments in the form
of structural, regulatory and incentive-based measures. These instruments need to be
supported by legislation or other types of authorisation. Regulatory measures or implefuentation incentives that encourage the users of coastal environments to adopt
desired patterns of behaviour include:
• Permits that stipulate gas and oil extraction rates or levels of waste discharges; such
permits can be made subject to measure performance and to make results available
to the public;
• Penalties and sanctions to penalize non-compliance with standard, permits and
obligations to reduce discharges;
• Economic incentives to encourage desired changes in the behaviour of users of
coastal resources such as taxes, quotas, subsidies, fees, etc.
Management arrangements are important components that need to be explicitly
taken into account, when evaluating alternative plans or assessing the feasibility of a
J. van der Weide . L. de Vrees
• Secondly, practical control mechanisms should be defined for each group of actors.
In this respect both social, technological and political interventions can be considered. Public awareness campaigns may be used to mobilize the general public. A
change in societal attitude cost a little but may gain a lot. As a next step technological interventions should be considered which improve the state of the environment
but which create at the same time an improved performance of the production system. This can often be achieved if technological means are supplemented by financial incentives. Finally, however, interventions have to be realized which are beneficial for the environment but have a negative effect on the coast of living and production. Laws, regulations and financial instruments are now required to enforce
the required interventions.
4.!;
Policy Instruments to Coordinate Administrative and Governance
Initiatives at Various Levels and in Different Sectors
4.5.1
General
As indicated by the World Coast Conference, 1993, a basic element of an ICZM programme is the arrangement of management responsibilities. Management arrangements should comprise institutional arrangements and management instruments.
Together they provide the framework which specifies the management tasks and
the context in which these management tasks are carried out. This framework encompasses
• the structure of government and non-governmental organisations, including mechanisms for linking responsible agencies and organisations,
• the set of laws, conventions, decrees and standards for environmental quality, and
• the set of traditions and social norms such as customary laws.
Each of the responsible agencies has a set of management instruments in the form
of structural, regulatory and incentive-based measures. These instruments need to be
supported by legislation or other types of authorisation. Regulatory measures or implefuentation incentives that encourage the users of coastal environments to adopt
desired patterns of behaviour include:
• Permits that stipulate gas and oil extraction rates or levels of waste discharges; such
permits can be made subject to measure performance and to make results available
to the public;
• Penalties and sanctions to penalize non-compliance with standard, permits and
obligations to reduce discharges;
• Economic incentives to encourage desired changes in the behaviour of users of
coastal resources such as taxes, quotas, subsidies, fees, etc.
Management arrangements are important components that need to be explicitly
taken into account, when evaluating alternative plans or assessing the feasibility of a