Contents
IX
5.3.1 Capital Stock Theory ........................................................... 91
5.4 Views on Nature ......................................................................... 92
541 Conservation View .............................................................. 92
5.4.2 Functionality.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . ... 93
5.4.3 Coevolution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 94
5.5 Valuation Implications ................................................................. 95
5.6 Conclusions and Discussion .......................................................... 96
References ................................................................................ 98
6
The Role of Ecology in Coastal Zone Mangement:
Perspectives from South-East Australia ......................................... 99
6.1 Introduction. .. . . . . . .. .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . .. .. .. . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . .. 99
6.2 ~ecision-Making Against an Uncertain Background ............................ 101
6.2.1 Natural Ecological Systems ................................................... 101
6.2.2 Temporal and Spatial Variation .............................................. 103
6.2.3 Life-Histories and Scales of Management .................................. 104
6.3. Managerial Decisions as Experiments .............................................. 105
6.3.1 Sewerage Outfalls on the Rocky Coast of New South Wales ............ 105
6.3.2 Recreational Boating .......................................................... 107
6.3.3 Restoration of Wetlands ....................................................... 110
6.3.4 Marine Reserves and Intertidal Foraging for Bait and Food ............ 115
6.4 Marginalization of Scientific Contributions in Australia ........................ 118
641 Biological Diversity and its Conservation ................................. 118
642 Reduction of Scientific Uncertainty for Managerial Decisions ......... 120
6.5 Conclusions: Towards a New Scientific Social Contract ......................... 121
Acknowledgements .................................................................... 123
References ............................................................................... 124
7
The Implications of Oceanographic Chaos for Coastal Management ... 129
7.1 Introduction ................................................ " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. 129
7.2 Water Currents ......................................................................... 130
7.3 Suspended Sedim~nt and Plankton ................................................. 132
7.4 Turbidity and Seagrass ................................................................ 133
7.5 Coral, Fish and Prawn Larvae ........................................................ 134
7.6 Water Quality ........................................................................... 136
7.7 River Plumes ............................................................................ 137
7.8 Discussions .............................................................................. 137
7.9 Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . ....... 139
Acknowledgements .................................................................... 139
References ............................................................................... 140
Part II Regional Practice and Experiences ............................................ 143
8
Quality Status, Appropriate Monitoring and Legislation of
the North Sea in Relation to its Assimilative Capacity .................. .... 145
8.1 Introduction ............................................................................ 145
8.2 The North Sea .......................................................................... 146
IX
5.3.1 Capital Stock Theory ........................................................... 91
5.4 Views on Nature ......................................................................... 92
541 Conservation View .............................................................. 92
5.4.2 Functionality.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . ... 93
5.4.3 Coevolution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 94
5.5 Valuation Implications ................................................................. 95
5.6 Conclusions and Discussion .......................................................... 96
References ................................................................................ 98
6
The Role of Ecology in Coastal Zone Mangement:
Perspectives from South-East Australia ......................................... 99
6.1 Introduction. .. . . . . . .. .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . .. .. .. . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . .. 99
6.2 ~ecision-Making Against an Uncertain Background ............................ 101
6.2.1 Natural Ecological Systems ................................................... 101
6.2.2 Temporal and Spatial Variation .............................................. 103
6.2.3 Life-Histories and Scales of Management .................................. 104
6.3. Managerial Decisions as Experiments .............................................. 105
6.3.1 Sewerage Outfalls on the Rocky Coast of New South Wales ............ 105
6.3.2 Recreational Boating .......................................................... 107
6.3.3 Restoration of Wetlands ....................................................... 110
6.3.4 Marine Reserves and Intertidal Foraging for Bait and Food ............ 115
6.4 Marginalization of Scientific Contributions in Australia ........................ 118
641 Biological Diversity and its Conservation ................................. 118
642 Reduction of Scientific Uncertainty for Managerial Decisions ......... 120
6.5 Conclusions: Towards a New Scientific Social Contract ......................... 121
Acknowledgements .................................................................... 123
References ............................................................................... 124
7
The Implications of Oceanographic Chaos for Coastal Management ... 129
7.1 Introduction ................................................ " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. 129
7.2 Water Currents ......................................................................... 130
7.3 Suspended Sedim~nt and Plankton ................................................. 132
7.4 Turbidity and Seagrass ................................................................ 133
7.5 Coral, Fish and Prawn Larvae ........................................................ 134
7.6 Water Quality ........................................................................... 136
7.7 River Plumes ............................................................................ 137
7.8 Discussions .............................................................................. 137
7.9 Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . ....... 139
Acknowledgements .................................................................... 139
References ............................................................................... 140
Part II Regional Practice and Experiences ............................................ 143
8
Quality Status, Appropriate Monitoring and Legislation of
the North Sea in Relation to its Assimilative Capacity .................. .... 145
8.1 Introduction ............................................................................ 145
8.2 The North Sea .......................................................................... 146