CHAPTER 3 . Strategic Planning for Sustainable Development in Coastal Zone Regions
65
Table 3.5. Natural resource accounts for Indonesia in 2020 under scenario 2 with moderate economic
growth (Source: Duchin et al. 1993)
Air pollution
Water
Land
Sector
Water
Susp.
Soil
CO2
S02
NO.
uptake BOD
COD
solids Land use erosion
10 3 t
10 3 t
10 3 t
10 6 m 3 10 3 t
10 3 t
10 3 t
10 6 ha 10 6 t
Agriculture
Rice
2
0.0
0.1
81476
Other food crops
43
0.1
2.5
11
200
Other agr. crops
619
0.8
36.0
27
180
livestock
1045
1.3
60.4
24
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
Forest products
689
0.8
40.2
62
35
5.1 Natural forests
58
35
5.2 Plantations
6 Fisheries
1562
1.9
91.3
Mining
Coal
2999
88.5
20.3
Crude oil
6075
72.7
42.3
9 Natural gas
13 777
2.7
132.0
10 Other mining
898
24.3
3.3
Manu11 Food and tobacco
1033
27.3
3.9
121
facturing
12 Wood products
1370
36.7
5.0
13 Pulp and paper
854
25.2
6.3
418
74
291
24
14 Fertilizer
5739
29.2
48.7
15 Chemicals
2535
73.7
16.9
18
16 Cement
2350
69.7
17.2
17 Other manufact.
966
24.9
3.8
383
31
123
96
18 Petrol. refining
2356
31.9
15.0
19 LNG
3298
25.9
23.3
Utilities
20 Electricity
12770
183.1
212.2
21 Gas utilities
2425
57.2
11.3
22 Water utilities
242
1.6
0.9
Services
23 Construction
26187
171.9
94.1
24 Trade
2808
17.8
10.4
25 Rest. and hotels
2542
15.9
9.5
26 Transp. and comm.
17509
247.3 1110.6
27 Business services
552
3.3
2.1
28 Public admin.
0.0
0.0
29 Services
2072
12.1
8.2
30 Unspecified
4
0.0
0.0
Households 31 Households
27817
321.4
328.4
18494
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
Total
143139 1568.8 2356.4 100934 111
423
128
168
415
ests and improved management of natural forests also require significant increases
in labor and capital inputs per unit of output. Preliminary calculations indicate that
the costs of timber from plantation forests will be roughly 50% greater than timber
from natural forests. Fee and pricing policies should be reviewed to provide incentives for the establishment of the more expensive plantation forests.
• Prospects for reducing water pollution are good if current regulations are enforced .
In the absence of stringent regulations, air pollution will increase three- to five-fold.
Recognizing that current concentrations of air pollution are unhealthy in major
urban areas, the government has begun to intrpduce regulations for air pollution.
65
Table 3.5. Natural resource accounts for Indonesia in 2020 under scenario 2 with moderate economic
growth (Source: Duchin et al. 1993)
Air pollution
Water
Land
Sector
Water
Susp.
Soil
CO2
S02
NO.
uptake BOD
COD
solids Land use erosion
10 3 t
10 3 t
10 3 t
10 6 m 3 10 3 t
10 3 t
10 3 t
10 6 ha 10 6 t
Agriculture
Rice
2
0.0
0.1
81476
Other food crops
43
0.1
2.5
11
200
Other agr. crops
619
0.8
36.0
27
180
livestock
1045
1.3
60.4
24
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
Forest products
689
0.8
40.2
62
35
5.1 Natural forests
58
35
5.2 Plantations
6 Fisheries
1562
1.9
91.3
Mining
Coal
2999
88.5
20.3
Crude oil
6075
72.7
42.3
9 Natural gas
13 777
2.7
132.0
10 Other mining
898
24.3
3.3
Manu11 Food and tobacco
1033
27.3
3.9
121
facturing
12 Wood products
1370
36.7
5.0
13 Pulp and paper
854
25.2
6.3
418
74
291
24
14 Fertilizer
5739
29.2
48.7
15 Chemicals
2535
73.7
16.9
18
16 Cement
2350
69.7
17.2
17 Other manufact.
966
24.9
3.8
383
31
123
96
18 Petrol. refining
2356
31.9
15.0
19 LNG
3298
25.9
23.3
Utilities
20 Electricity
12770
183.1
212.2
21 Gas utilities
2425
57.2
11.3
22 Water utilities
242
1.6
0.9
Services
23 Construction
26187
171.9
94.1
24 Trade
2808
17.8
10.4
25 Rest. and hotels
2542
15.9
9.5
26 Transp. and comm.
17509
247.3 1110.6
27 Business services
552
3.3
2.1
28 Public admin.
0.0
0.0
29 Services
2072
12.1
8.2
30 Unspecified
4
0.0
0.0
Households 31 Households
27817
321.4
328.4
18494
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
Total
143139 1568.8 2356.4 100934 111
423
128
168
415
ests and improved management of natural forests also require significant increases
in labor and capital inputs per unit of output. Preliminary calculations indicate that
the costs of timber from plantation forests will be roughly 50% greater than timber
from natural forests. Fee and pricing policies should be reviewed to provide incentives for the establishment of the more expensive plantation forests.
• Prospects for reducing water pollution are good if current regulations are enforced .
In the absence of stringent regulations, air pollution will increase three- to five-fold.
Recognizing that current concentrations of air pollution are unhealthy in major
urban areas, the government has begun to intrpduce regulations for air pollution.