O (cont.)
Over-exploitation, 301
P
Pacific decadal oscillation, 160
Parabolic dunes, 161
Parabolics, 1, 7
Paths, 25
Perennial plant removal, 182
Permanent plot, 54
Phosphate, 236, 238, 239, 243, 248, 251
Pilot plant, 206, 207, 213
Pine plantation, 149–153, 157
Pine tree plantation, 154
Pine tree plantation clearings, 154
Pinus, 68
Plant, 134
Plant functional type, 50
Plant life form, 50, 54
Plot design, 209
Plot size, 206
Pocket beach, 208, 209
Pontederia, 263
Pontederia sagittata, 263
Portugal, 295
Post-mining rehabilitation, 214
Preference, 276, 277, 290
Prevailing wind, 160
Prevention (regulatory), 292
Primary succession, 60, 61
Prioritization, 312, 314–316
Processes, 169
Production, 155
Prograding foredune, 60
Protection (regulatory), 292
Provisioning, 291
Psammophilic, 174, 175, 178–180, 182, 183
Purchasing power parity (PPP), 292
R
Radial oxygen loss, 241
Raking, 24
Reactivation, 164
Recolonize, 212
Recovery, 152
Recreational, 292, 295
Recreational activities, 67, 70
Red list, 239, 248–251
Reforestation, 219
Regulatory, 291
Rehabilitation, 42
Rehabilitation plan, 204
Rehabilitation programme, 204
Rehabilitation strategy, 203
Rejuvenation, 117
Remobilization, 331, 332, 334
Reshaping, 67, 70, 74, 75
Restoration, 6–10, 33, 39, 41, 45, 95–100, 102,
173, 175, 179, 181, 183, 307–309, 311,
312, 316, 317, 324–326, 328–336
Restoration approach, 199
Restoration/manipulation, 39
Restoration objectives, 200
Restoring dune mobility, 117
Revegetation, 164, 332
Rewetting, 242, 244, 246
Rhizome geophyte, 57, 61
Rhizomes, 165
Richness, 222, 223, 227
Rosa rugosa, 52, 58, 63
S
Sagittaria, 261, 262, 265, 266
Sagittaria lancifolia, 258
Salt spray, 146, 148, 149, 152, 154, 155
Sand accumulation, 209, 211–213
Sand dune
hummock, 209
mobile, 208
Sand fences, 20, 22, 24, 25
Sand mobility, 146, 149, 152, 154, 156
Sand nets, 211
Sand nourishment, 49
Sandy dunes, 145, 147, 148
Scrub, 131, 136
Sea level rise, 160
Sediment, 129, 131, 138, 139
Sediment budget, 35, 36, 45
Sediment dynamics, 6
Sediment pathways, 35
Sediment supply, 35
Seed bank, 249, 250
Seed dispersal by wind, 61
Seed germination, 212
Seed production, 154, 157
Seedling survival, 213
Services, 18
Shannon–Wiener diversity index, 54
Slack, 1, 7–9, 22, 326, 327, 329, 330, 333
Slack marsh, 258
Sod cutting, 242, 244–249
Soil, 129, 132–135, 137, 138
Spain, 145, 146, 149, 151, 152, 154, 296
Species, 23
Species diversity, 49, 54, 55, 60, 61, 160
346
Index
Over-exploitation, 301
P
Pacific decadal oscillation, 160
Parabolic dunes, 161
Parabolics, 1, 7
Paths, 25
Perennial plant removal, 182
Permanent plot, 54
Phosphate, 236, 238, 239, 243, 248, 251
Pilot plant, 206, 207, 213
Pine plantation, 149–153, 157
Pine tree plantation, 154
Pine tree plantation clearings, 154
Pinus, 68
Plant, 134
Plant functional type, 50
Plant life form, 50, 54
Plot design, 209
Plot size, 206
Pocket beach, 208, 209
Pontederia, 263
Pontederia sagittata, 263
Portugal, 295
Post-mining rehabilitation, 214
Preference, 276, 277, 290
Prevailing wind, 160
Prevention (regulatory), 292
Primary succession, 60, 61
Prioritization, 312, 314–316
Processes, 169
Production, 155
Prograding foredune, 60
Protection (regulatory), 292
Provisioning, 291
Psammophilic, 174, 175, 178–180, 182, 183
Purchasing power parity (PPP), 292
R
Radial oxygen loss, 241
Raking, 24
Reactivation, 164
Recolonize, 212
Recovery, 152
Recreational, 292, 295
Recreational activities, 67, 70
Red list, 239, 248–251
Reforestation, 219
Regulatory, 291
Rehabilitation, 42
Rehabilitation plan, 204
Rehabilitation programme, 204
Rehabilitation strategy, 203
Rejuvenation, 117
Remobilization, 331, 332, 334
Reshaping, 67, 70, 74, 75
Restoration, 6–10, 33, 39, 41, 45, 95–100, 102,
173, 175, 179, 181, 183, 307–309, 311,
312, 316, 317, 324–326, 328–336
Restoration approach, 199
Restoration/manipulation, 39
Restoration objectives, 200
Restoring dune mobility, 117
Revegetation, 164, 332
Rewetting, 242, 244, 246
Rhizome geophyte, 57, 61
Rhizomes, 165
Richness, 222, 223, 227
Rosa rugosa, 52, 58, 63
S
Sagittaria, 261, 262, 265, 266
Sagittaria lancifolia, 258
Salt spray, 146, 148, 149, 152, 154, 155
Sand accumulation, 209, 211–213
Sand dune
hummock, 209
mobile, 208
Sand fences, 20, 22, 24, 25
Sand mobility, 146, 149, 152, 154, 156
Sand nets, 211
Sand nourishment, 49
Sandy dunes, 145, 147, 148
Scrub, 131, 136
Sea level rise, 160
Sediment, 129, 131, 138, 139
Sediment budget, 35, 36, 45
Sediment dynamics, 6
Sediment pathways, 35
Sediment supply, 35
Seed bank, 249, 250
Seed dispersal by wind, 61
Seed germination, 212
Seed production, 154, 157
Seedling survival, 213
Services, 18
Shannon–Wiener diversity index, 54
Slack, 1, 7–9, 22, 326, 327, 329, 330, 333
Slack marsh, 258
Sod cutting, 242, 244–249
Soil, 129, 132–135, 137, 138
Spain, 145, 146, 149, 151, 152, 154, 296
Species, 23
Species diversity, 49, 54, 55, 60, 61, 160
346
Index