Table 18.2
Ecosystem services and their calculated economic value estimated in different countries. Valuation methods are: WTP= willingness to pay; HP
= hedonic pricing; CV =contingent valuation; TC = travel cost. All estimated costs are standardized to USD per ha per year in 2010
Ecosystem
Ecosystem
service
Reference
Country GDP Per
capita /year
2010
GINI
Index/
year
Method
Year of
study
CPI PPP country
studied 2010
US(2010)
/ha/year
Beach
Aesthetic and
Recreational
Edwards and
Gable 1991
USA
47,198.50
45(2007) HP
2004
96.72 1
$55
Beach
Aesthetic and
Recreational
Kline and
Swallow
1998
USA
47,198.50
45(2007) TC
2004
96.72 1
$15,838
Beach
Aesthetic and
Recreational
Silberman et al.
1992
USA
47,198.50
45(2007) CV
2004
96.72 1
$8,653
Beach
Aesthetic and
Recreational
Taylor and Smith
2000
USA
47,198.50
45(2007) HP
2004
96.72 1
$303
Average
$6,212
Beach
Recreation
Lindsay et al.
1992.
USA
47,198.50
45(2007) WTP
1992
71.85 1
$43
Average
$43
Dunes
Recreation
MendozaGonzález
et al. 2012
MEXICO 9,123.41
46.05
(2004)
WTP
2011
103.2 7.951476
$12,192
Dunes
Recreation
MendozaGonzález
et al. 2012
CHILE
12,431.03
54.92
(2003)
WTP
2011
103.2 403.1928
$8,388
Average
$10,290
Beach
Cultural and
Spiritual
Taylor and Smith
2000
USA
47,198.50
45(2007) HP
2004
96.72 1
$10
Average
$10
Wetslack
Carbon
sequestration
Jones et al. 2010 UK
36,143.94
34(2005)
2010
114.5 0.65151
$4
Average
$4
Drydune
Carbon
sequestration
Jones et al. 2010 UK
36,143.94
34(2005)
2010
114.5 0.65151
$3
(continued)
18 The Coasts and Their Costs
293