reported (Ivanov et al. 2006), that the Sevastopol Bay receives annually about
300–350 t of allochthonous organic substances brought with the untreated or
insufficiently treated sewages from more than 30 uncontrolled outlets located along
the shores. High content of organic substances stimulates the intensity of oxidationreduction processes going through the depths of sediment; it is also the basic factor
which controls accumulation process of oil hydrocarbons (Kirukhina 1988).
Taking into account a large area of Sevastopol Bay and a great number of
various polluted discharges, a localization the zones with increased content of
hydrocarbons are not always determined by proximity to direct source of the
pollution. At the same time, in borders of the main water area there are the regions
where a ‘historical’ coincidence of all factors (both the natural, and the anthropogenic) determines permanent anthropogenic pressure. For example, Southern bay
(Fig. 20.1) is the biggest ‘small’ bay of the main water area (of total length about
2.4 km). Beginning from the city foundation, it is a traditional place of parking lot
of different ships; the entire coastline of the bay is occupied by numerous moorings,
docks, shipyards, etc. A vast area in the top part of the bay is a crossing point of the
main city transport lines including the railway and bus stations, and so, it is
the focus of various industrial-municipal discharges along the shores. As a result,
the Southern bay concerns to the zone of very hard pollution for a long time and not
only with regard to oil hydrocarbons (Osadchaya et al. 2004; Ignatyeva et al. 2005;
Stokozov 2010).
The central part of Sevastopol Bay (Fig. 20.1; st.7–9a) is the area of intensive
navigation and with numerous industrial and military objects located on the adjacent land. All these factors, in total with the features of hydrodynamical regime
of the Bay (it is described above), exert a great influence both to morphology of the
bottom, and the processes of pollutant accumulation. Adverse environmental conditions in this region can also be supported by the inflow of polluted water masses
from the Southern bay, especially under impact of prolonged south winds (Mironov
1987).
Compared with the above-described areas, the pollution status in the top part and
at the Bay exit can be characterized as relatively more favorable. Formation the
bottom deposits, caused by the direct river inflow, promotes to decreasing the
sediment ability to retain the pollutants incoming to the top area (Konovalov
2009). The more intensive water exchange with open sea at the bay entrance creates
nearly the same situation resulting to formation the low and moderately polluted
zones.
For comparison, the spatial-temporal distribution patterns of oil hydrocarbons in
bottom sediments of Sevastopol Bay we have used a special index based on the ratio
of absolute concentrations the pollutant on each station to ‘average characteristic
concentration’ for various type of sediment calculated as follow:
M ¼ C i =A,
where C i is an absolute concentration of given pollutant (oil hydrocarbons in our
case) on i-th sampling station; A – average characteristic concentration of the
362
T.S. Osadchaya
300–350 t of allochthonous organic substances brought with the untreated or
insufficiently treated sewages from more than 30 uncontrolled outlets located along
the shores. High content of organic substances stimulates the intensity of oxidationreduction processes going through the depths of sediment; it is also the basic factor
which controls accumulation process of oil hydrocarbons (Kirukhina 1988).
Taking into account a large area of Sevastopol Bay and a great number of
various polluted discharges, a localization the zones with increased content of
hydrocarbons are not always determined by proximity to direct source of the
pollution. At the same time, in borders of the main water area there are the regions
where a ‘historical’ coincidence of all factors (both the natural, and the anthropogenic) determines permanent anthropogenic pressure. For example, Southern bay
(Fig. 20.1) is the biggest ‘small’ bay of the main water area (of total length about
2.4 km). Beginning from the city foundation, it is a traditional place of parking lot
of different ships; the entire coastline of the bay is occupied by numerous moorings,
docks, shipyards, etc. A vast area in the top part of the bay is a crossing point of the
main city transport lines including the railway and bus stations, and so, it is
the focus of various industrial-municipal discharges along the shores. As a result,
the Southern bay concerns to the zone of very hard pollution for a long time and not
only with regard to oil hydrocarbons (Osadchaya et al. 2004; Ignatyeva et al. 2005;
Stokozov 2010).
The central part of Sevastopol Bay (Fig. 20.1; st.7–9a) is the area of intensive
navigation and with numerous industrial and military objects located on the adjacent land. All these factors, in total with the features of hydrodynamical regime
of the Bay (it is described above), exert a great influence both to morphology of the
bottom, and the processes of pollutant accumulation. Adverse environmental conditions in this region can also be supported by the inflow of polluted water masses
from the Southern bay, especially under impact of prolonged south winds (Mironov
1987).
Compared with the above-described areas, the pollution status in the top part and
at the Bay exit can be characterized as relatively more favorable. Formation the
bottom deposits, caused by the direct river inflow, promotes to decreasing the
sediment ability to retain the pollutants incoming to the top area (Konovalov
2009). The more intensive water exchange with open sea at the bay entrance creates
nearly the same situation resulting to formation the low and moderately polluted
zones.
For comparison, the spatial-temporal distribution patterns of oil hydrocarbons in
bottom sediments of Sevastopol Bay we have used a special index based on the ratio
of absolute concentrations the pollutant on each station to ‘average characteristic
concentration’ for various type of sediment calculated as follow:
M ¼ C i =A,
where C i is an absolute concentration of given pollutant (oil hydrocarbons in our
case) on i-th sampling station; A – average characteristic concentration of the
362
T.S. Osadchaya