2.2 Brief Outline of International ICZM Steps
19
1985 Workshop in the USA to define the term ICZM.
1987 Publication of the report Our Common Future, known as Brundtland Report (WCED, 1987), from the UN World Commission on Environment and
Development.
1988 Establishment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) by
the UN World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the UN Environment Program (UNEP).
1990 Publication of the First Assessment Report (FAR) of the IPCC.
1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), known as
Earth Summit Rio 1992, where the Agenda 21 and the Rio Declaration
on Environment and Development were adopted. The Agenda 21 contains
different chapters with recommendations and statements to several issues,
especially Chap.17 is relevant for ICZM. It provides statements according
to the protection of the oceans, all kinds of sea, including enclosed and
semi-enclosed areas, and coastal areas and the protection, rational use and
development of their living resources:
. . . International law, as reflected in the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law
of the Sea referred to in this chapter of Agenda 21, sets forth rights and obligations of the States
and provides the International basis upon which to pursue the protection and sustainable development of the marine and coastal environment and its resources. This requires new approaches
to marine and coastal area management and development at the national, subregional, regional
and global levels, approaches that are integrated in content and are precautionary and anticipatory in ambit, as reflected in the following program areas: (a) Integrated management and
sustainable development of coastal areas, including exclusive economic zones . . . (e) Addressing critical uncertainties for the management of the marine environment and climate change, (f)
Strengthening international, including regional, cooperation and coordination . . . . (UN, 1992,
Chap. 17, p. 238)
1992 Adoption and ratification of the OSPAR Convention which is the combination and the update of the Oslo and Paris Convention.
1993 On the World Coast Conference (WCC) in “Noordwijk (The Netherlands) the
“Noordwijk Guidelines on Integrated Coastal Zone Management” were developed and adopted by participants from 90 coastal nations, 20 international
organizations and 23 NGOs (see IPCC, 1994).
1994 The European Union requested the Member States in the Council Resolution of 6 May 1994 on a Community strategy for integrated coastal zone
management (94/C135/02) (see also EC, 1995).
1996 The European Commission initiated a Demonstration Program on Integrated
Coastal Zone Management from 1997 till 1999 (EC, 1999).
2000 Getting into force of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) (EC,
2000).
19
1985 Workshop in the USA to define the term ICZM.
1987 Publication of the report Our Common Future, known as Brundtland Report (WCED, 1987), from the UN World Commission on Environment and
Development.
1988 Establishment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) by
the UN World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the UN Environment Program (UNEP).
1990 Publication of the First Assessment Report (FAR) of the IPCC.
1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), known as
Earth Summit Rio 1992, where the Agenda 21 and the Rio Declaration
on Environment and Development were adopted. The Agenda 21 contains
different chapters with recommendations and statements to several issues,
especially Chap.17 is relevant for ICZM. It provides statements according
to the protection of the oceans, all kinds of sea, including enclosed and
semi-enclosed areas, and coastal areas and the protection, rational use and
development of their living resources:
. . . International law, as reflected in the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law
of the Sea referred to in this chapter of Agenda 21, sets forth rights and obligations of the States
and provides the International basis upon which to pursue the protection and sustainable development of the marine and coastal environment and its resources. This requires new approaches
to marine and coastal area management and development at the national, subregional, regional
and global levels, approaches that are integrated in content and are precautionary and anticipatory in ambit, as reflected in the following program areas: (a) Integrated management and
sustainable development of coastal areas, including exclusive economic zones . . . (e) Addressing critical uncertainties for the management of the marine environment and climate change, (f)
Strengthening international, including regional, cooperation and coordination . . . . (UN, 1992,
Chap. 17, p. 238)
1992 Adoption and ratification of the OSPAR Convention which is the combination and the update of the Oslo and Paris Convention.
1993 On the World Coast Conference (WCC) in “Noordwijk (The Netherlands) the
“Noordwijk Guidelines on Integrated Coastal Zone Management” were developed and adopted by participants from 90 coastal nations, 20 international
organizations and 23 NGOs (see IPCC, 1994).
1994 The European Union requested the Member States in the Council Resolution of 6 May 1994 on a Community strategy for integrated coastal zone
management (94/C135/02) (see also EC, 1995).
1996 The European Commission initiated a Demonstration Program on Integrated
Coastal Zone Management from 1997 till 1999 (EC, 1999).
2000 Getting into force of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) (EC,
2000).